Ma Tingyu, Gao Han, Zhang Dong, Shi Yuhua, Zhang Tianyuan, Shen Xiaofeng, Wu Lan, Xiang Li, Chen Shilin
Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China.
School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070 China.
Chin Med. 2020 Jul 1;15:67. doi: 10.1186/s13020-020-00344-8. eCollection 2020.
Artemisinin-based combination therapy has become the preferred approach for treating malaria and has successfully reduced malaria-related mortality. Currently, the main source of artemisinin is L., and thus, it is of strategic importance to enhance artemisinin contents in plants. Phytohormones and illumination are known to be important external environmental factor that can have notable effects on the production of secondary metabolite. The activities of different hormones can be influenced to varying degrees by light, and thus light and hormones may jointly regulate various processes in plants. Here, we performed transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that ultraviolet B irradiation and phytohormone gibberellins coordinately promoted the accumulation of artemisinin in .
Artemisinin analysis was performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS). RNA sequencing, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were applied to analyzing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under ultraviolet B irradiation and gibberellins treatments. Weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) analyzed the genes in artemisinin‑related modules and identified candidate hub genes in these modules.
In this study, we found that cross-talk between UV-B and GA induced processes leading to modifications in artemisinin accumulation. A total of 14,762 genes differentially expressed (DEGs) among different treatments were identified by transcriptome analysis. UV-B and GA treatments enhanced the accumulation of artemisinin by up-regulating the expression of the key artemisinin biosynthesis genes ADS and CYP71AV1. According to the high degree value and high expression level, a total of 84 co-expressed transcription factors were identified. Among them, MYB and NAC TFs mainly involved in regulating the biosynthesis of artemisinin. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed that GA + UV in blue modules was positively correlated with artemisinin synthesis, suggesting that the candidate hub genes in these modules should be up-regulated to enhance artemisinin synthesis in response to GA + UV treatment.
Our study demonstrated the co-regulation of artemisinin biosynthetic pathway genes under ultraviolet B irradiation and phytohormone gibberellins treatment. The co-expression was analysis revealed that the selected MYB and NAC TFs might have regulated the artemisinin biosynthesis gene expression with ADS and CYP71AV1 genes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed that GA + UV treatment in blue modules was positively correlated with artemisinin synthesis. We established the network to distinguish candidate hub genes in blue modules might be up-regulated to enhance artemisinin synthesis in response to GA + UV treatment.
基于青蒿素的联合疗法已成为治疗疟疾的首选方法，并成功降低了疟疾相关死亡率。目前，青蒿素的主要来源是黄花蒿，因此提高黄花蒿植物中青蒿素含量具有重要的战略意义。已知植物激素和光照是重要的外部环境因素，可对次生代谢产物的产生产生显著影响。不同激素的活性会受到光照不同程度的影响，因此光和激素可能共同调节植物中的各种过程。在此，我们进行了转录组和代谢组分析，结果表明紫外线B照射和植物激素赤霉素协同促进了黄花蒿中青蒿素的积累。
通过超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱（UPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS）进行青蒿素分析。应用RNA测序、GO和KEGG富集分析来分析紫外线B照射和赤霉素处理下的差异表达基因（DEG）。加权基因共表达网络（WGCNA）分析青蒿素相关模块中的基因，并鉴定这些模块中的候选枢纽基因。
在本研究中，我们发现UV-B和GA之间的相互作用诱导了导致青蒿素积累发生变化的过程。通过转录组分析，在不同处理中总共鉴定出14762个差异表达基因（DEG）。UV-B和GA处理通过上调青蒿素生物合成关键基因ADS和CYP71AV1的表达来增强青蒿素的积累。根据高度值和高表达水平，总共鉴定出84个共表达转录因子。其中，MYB和NAC转录因子主要参与调节青蒿素的生物合成。加权基因共表达网络分析表明，蓝色模块中的GA + UV与青蒿素合成呈正相关，这表明应上调这些模块中的候选枢纽基因，以响应GA + UV处理来增强青蒿素合成。
我们的研究证明了紫外线B照射和植物激素赤霉素处理下青蒿素生物合成途径基因的共同调节。共表达分析表明，所选的MYB和NAC转录因子可能通过ADS和CYP71AV1基因调节青蒿素生物合成基因的表达。加权基因共表达网络分析表明，蓝色模块中的GA + UV处理与青蒿素合成呈正相关。我们建立了该网络以区分蓝色模块中的候选枢纽基因，这些基因可能会被上调以响应GA + UV处理来增强青蒿素合成。
