Rychen Guido, Aquilina Gabriele, Azimonti Giovanna, Bampidis Vasileios, de Lourdes Bastos Maria, Bories Georges, Cocconcelli Pier Sandro, Flachowsky Gerhard, Gropp Jürgen, Kolar Boris, Kouba Maryline, López Puente Secundino, López-Alonso Marta, Mantovani Alberto, Mayo Baltasar, Ramos Fernando, Saarela Maria, Villa Roberto Edoardo, Wallace Robert John, Wester Pieter, Brantom Paul, Dusemund Birgit, Hogstrand Christer, Van Beelen Patrick, Westendorf Johannes, Gregoretti Lucilla, Manini Paola, Chesson Andrew
EFSA J. 2017 Feb 3;15(2):e04671. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4671. eCollection 2017 Feb.
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of 22 compounds belonging to chemical group 24 (pyrazine derivatives). They are currently authorised as flavours in food. The FEEDAP Panel concludes that: 2,3-diethylpyrazine [14.005], 2-ethyl-3-methylpyrazine [14.006], 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoxaline [14.015], 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine [14.018], 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine [14.019], 2,5-dimethylpyrazine [14.020], 2,6-dimethylpyrazine [14.021], 2-ethylpyrazine [14.022], 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine [14.024], 2,5 or 6-methoxy-3-methylpyrazine [14.025], 2-methylpyrazine [14.027], acetylpyrazine [14.032], 6,7-dihydro-5-methyl-5-cyclopenta(b)pyrazine [14.037], 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine [14.043], 2-acetyl-3-ethylpyrazine [14.049], 2,3-dimethylpyrazine [14.050], 2,3-diethyl-5-methylpyrazine [14.056], 2-(-butyl)-3-methoxypyrazine [14.062], 3,(5- or 6-)-dimethyl-2-ethylpyrazine [14.100], 2-ethyl-3-methoxypyrazine [14.112] and 2-methoxy-3-methylpyrazine [14.126] are safe at the proposed maximum dose level (0.5 mg/kg complete feed) as feed for cattle, salmonids and non-food-producing animals, and at the proposed normal use level of 0.1 mg/kg complete feed for pigs and poultry; 5-methylquinoxaline [14.028] are safe only at concentrations below the proposed use levels (0.08 mg/kg complete feed for cattle, salmonids and non-food-producing animals, and 0.05 mg/kg complete feed for pigs and poultry). No safety concern would arise for the consumer from the use of these compounds up to the highest proposed level in feeds. Hazards for skin and eye contact, and respiratory exposure are recognised for the majority of the compounds under application. Most are classified as irritating to the respiratory system. The proposed maximum use levels in feed are unlikely to have detrimental effects on the terrestrial and fresh water compartments. Because all the compounds under assessment are used in food as flavourings and their function in feed is essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy is necessary.
应欧盟委员会的要求，动物饲料添加剂和产品或物质专家小组（FEEDAP）被要求就属于化学类别24（吡嗪衍生物）的22种化合物的安全性和有效性发表科学意见。它们目前被批准作为食品香料使用。FEEDAP小组得出结论：2,3 - 二乙基吡嗪[14.005]、2 - 乙基 - 3 - 甲基吡嗪[14.006]、5,6,7,8 - 四氢喹喔啉[14.015]、2,3,5,6 - 四甲基吡嗪[14.018]、2,3,5 - 三甲基吡嗪[14.019]、2,5 - 二甲基吡嗪[14.020]、2,6 - 二甲基吡嗪[14.021]、2 - 乙基吡嗪[14.022]、2 - 乙基 - 3,5 - 二甲基吡嗪[14.024]、2,5或6 - 甲氧基 - 3 - 甲基吡嗪[14.025]、2 - 甲基吡嗪[14.027]、乙酰基吡嗪[14.032]、6,7 - 二氢 - 5 - 甲基 - 5 - 环戊并(b)吡嗪[14.037]、2 - 异丁基 - 3 - 甲氧基吡嗪[14.043]、2 - 乙酰基 - 3 - 乙基吡嗪[14.049]、2,3 - 二甲基吡嗪[14.050]、2,3 - 二乙基 - 5 - 甲基吡嗪[14.056]、2 - (异丁基)-3 - 甲氧基吡嗪[14.062]、3,(5 - 或6 -)-二甲基 - 2 - 乙基吡嗪[14.100]、2 - 乙基 - 3 - 甲氧基吡嗪[14.112]和2 - 甲氧基 - 3 - 甲基吡嗪[14.126]在建议的最大剂量水平（0.5毫克/千克全价饲料）下作为牛、鲑鱼和非食品生产动物的饲料是安全的，在建议的猪和家禽正常使用水平0.1毫克/千克全价饲料下也是安全的；5 - 甲基喹喔啉[14.028]仅在低于建议使用水平（牛、鲑鱼和非食品生产动物为0.08毫克/千克全价饲料，猪和家禽为0.05毫克/千克全价饲料）的浓度下是安全的。在饲料中使用这些化合物直至建议的最高水平，对消费者不会产生安全问题。所应用的大多数化合物存在皮肤和眼睛接触以及呼吸道暴露的危害。大多数被归类为对呼吸系统有刺激性。饲料中建议的最大使用水平不太可能对陆地和淡水环境产生不利影响。由于所有评估的化合物在食品中用作调味剂，且它们在饲料中的功能与在食品中的基本相同，因此无需进一步证明其有效性。
