Sushnitha Manuela, Evangelopoulos Michael, Tasciotti Ennio, Taraballi Francesca
Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.
Center for Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020 Jun 17;8:627. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00627. eCollection 2020.
Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been synthesized from a wide array of materials. The therapeutic success of these platforms hinges upon their ability to favorably interact with the biological environment (both systemically and locally) and recognize the diseased target tissue. The immune system, composed of a highly coordinated organization of cells trained to recognize foreign bodies, represents a key mediator of these interactions. Although components of this system may act as a barrier to nanoparticle (NP) delivery, the immune system can also be exploited to target and trigger signaling cues that facilitate the therapeutic response stemming from systemic administration of NPs. The nano-bio interface represents the key facilitator of this communication exchange, where the surface properties of NPs govern their fate. Cell membrane-based biomimetic nanoparticles have emerged as one approach to achieve targeted drug delivery by actively engaging and communicating with the biological milieu. In this review, we will highlight the relationship between these biomimetic nanoparticles and the immune system, emphasizing the role of tuning the nano-bio interface in the immunomodulation of diseases. We will also discuss the therapeutic applications of this approach with biomimetic nanoparticles, focusing on specific diseases ranging from cancer to infectious diseases. Lastly, we will provide a critical evaluation on the current state of this field of cell membrane-based biomimetic nanoparticles and its future directions in immune-based therapy.
基于纳米颗粒的药物递送系统已由各种各样的材料合成。这些平台的治疗成功取决于它们与生物环境（全身和局部）良好相互作用并识别患病靶组织的能力。免疫系统由经过训练以识别异物的高度协调的细胞组织组成，是这些相互作用的关键调节因子。尽管该系统的成分可能会成为纳米颗粒（NP）递送的障碍，但免疫系统也可被利用来靶向并触发信号线索，从而促进源自NP全身给药的治疗反应。纳米-生物界面是这种通讯交流的关键促进因素，其中NP的表面性质决定了它们的命运。基于细胞膜的仿生纳米颗粒已成为一种通过与生物环境积极相互作用和通讯来实现靶向药物递送的方法。在这篇综述中，我们将强调这些仿生纳米颗粒与免疫系统之间的关系，着重于调节纳米-生物界面在疾病免疫调节中的作用。我们还将讨论这种基于仿生纳米颗粒方法的治疗应用，重点关注从癌症到传染病等特定疾病。最后，我们将对基于细胞膜的仿生纳米颗粒这一领域的当前状态及其在免疫治疗中的未来方向进行批判性评估。
