Ignatov Atanas, Ortmann Olaf
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Landshuter Str. 65, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
Cancers (Basel). 2020 Jul 2;12(7):1766. doi: 10.3390/cancers12071766.
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer and is predominantly endocrine-related. The role of unopposed estrogen in the development of endometrial cancer has been investigated in numerous studies. Different reproductive factors such as younger age at menarche, late age at menopause, infertility, nulliparity, age of birth of the first child, and long-term use of unopposed estrogens during hormone replacement therapy have been associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. In contrast, there is a growing body of evidence for a protective role of oral contraceptives. Most of the published data on the association between infertility and polycystic ovary syndrome are inconclusive, whereas the effect of tamoxifen on the risk of endometrial cancer has been well established. With this review, we aim to summarize the evidence on the association between infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome, oral contraceptives, and tamoxifen and the development of endometrial cancer.
子宫内膜癌是最常见的妇科癌症，主要与内分泌相关。众多研究探讨了无对抗雌激素在子宫内膜癌发生发展中的作用。初潮年龄较小、绝经年龄较晚、不孕、未生育、头胎生育年龄以及激素替代治疗期间长期使用无对抗雌激素等不同生殖因素，均与子宫内膜癌风险增加有关。相比之下，越来越多的证据表明口服避孕药具有保护作用。关于不孕与多囊卵巢综合征之间关联的大多数已发表数据尚无定论，而他莫昔芬对子宫内膜癌风险的影响已得到充分证实。通过本综述，我们旨在总结不孕、多囊卵巢综合征、口服避孕药、他莫昔芬与子宫内膜癌发生之间关联的证据。
