Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine and Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (iMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2020 Sep;16(9):495-505. doi: 10.1038/s41574-020-0377-1. Epub 2020 Jul 6.
Exercise is fundamental for good health, whereas physical inactivity underpins many chronic diseases of modern society. It is well appreciated that regular exercise improves metabolism and the metabolic phenotype in a number of tissues. The phenotypic alterations observed in skeletal muscle are partly mediated by transcriptional responses that occur following each individual bout of exercise. This adaptive response increases oxidative capacity and influences the function of myokines and extracellular vesicles that signal to other tissues. Our understanding of the epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms that mediate the skeletal muscle gene expression response to exercise as well as of their upstream signalling pathways has advanced substantially in the past 10 years. With this knowledge also comes the opportunity to design new therapeutic strategies based on the biology of exercise for a variety of chronic conditions where regular exercise might be a challenge. This Review provides an overview of the beneficial adaptive responses to exercise and details the molecular mechanisms involved. The possibility of designing therapeutic interventions based on these molecular mechanisms is addressed, using relevant examples that have exploited this approach.
运动对身体健康至关重要，而身体活动不足是现代社会许多慢性病的基础。人们充分认识到，有规律的运动可以改善新陈代谢和许多组织的代谢表型。在骨骼肌中观察到的表型改变部分是由转录反应介导的，这些反应发生在每次单独的运动后。这种适应性反应增加了氧化能力，并影响了肌因子和细胞外囊泡的功能，这些物质向其他组织发出信号。在过去的 10 年中，我们对介导骨骼肌基因表达对运动反应的表观遗传和转录机制及其上游信号通路有了更深入的了解。随着这方面知识的积累，我们也有机会基于运动生物学为各种慢性疾病设计新的治疗策略，因为对于这些慢性疾病来说，定期运动可能是一个挑战。本综述概述了运动的有益适应性反应，并详细介绍了所涉及的分子机制。还通过利用这种方法的相关实例，探讨了基于这些分子机制设计治疗干预措施的可能性。
