Department of Chest Diseases, Harran Universty Medicine of Faculty, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Vocational and Technical Anatolian High School, Eskisehir, Turkey.
J Immigr Minor Health. 2021 Jun;23(3):536-546. doi: 10.1007/s10903-020-01044-z.
Smoking during pregnancy has negative effects on both maternal and fetal health. One of these negative maternal effects is the potential for depression. A high rate of cigarette smoking in pregnancy is an important public health issue since it affects not only the pregnant woman but also the newborn and its healthy development. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between smoking, influencing factors, and depression prevalence in pregnant Syrian refugees and pregnant citizens of the Republic of Turkey (TR). Pregnant citizens in the TR and pregnant Syrian refugees who were registered at health centers between 15.04.2017 and 15.10.2017 in the border city of Ceylanpınar in the Province of Şanlıurfa in Syria were visited in their living areas in the district center and at a tent village, respectively. A total of 414 pregnant women agreed to participate in the study and were included in the survey. To collect data for the cross-sectional study, a sociodemographic and pregnancy characteristics questionnaire was used, in addition to the Fageström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The rate of smoking in all pregnant women was determined to be 49.3% (n = 204) before pregnancy and 37.9% (n = 157) during pregnancy. A statistically significant difference was found between age groups and educational status in relation to smoking status (p = 0.005, p = 0.001). There was also a statistically significant difference between the smoking status of pregnant women and that of their partners and family members (p = 0.001, p = 0.002). The percentage of pregnant women who were passive smokers was 80.2% (n = 332), and a statistically significant difference was found between passive smoking and smoking status (Fisher; 0.000). The presence of risk for depression was detected in 49.8% (n = 206) of all pregnant women surveyed; the rate of depression risk was 50.5% (n = 104) in pregnant TR citizens and 49.5% (n = 102) in pregnant refugees, with no significant difference between the two groups. There was a statistically significant difference between smoking status in pregnancy and the presence of depression risk (p = 0.001). 32.5% of pregnant women were highly nicotine dependent. A moderate positive correlation was determined between the FTND and BDI scores of pregnant women (r = 0.346; p = 0.001). It was found that one-third of all pregnant women smoked and that one of every two showed a risk for depression. A statistically significant correlation was found between smoking status and risk for depression. No statistically significant difference was determined between the two groups, despite high levels of smoking, nicotine dependence, and depression in both. These data suggest the need to develop new preventive strategies in regard to smoking among pregnant women.
吸烟对母婴健康都有负面影响。其中一个负面的母体效应是潜在的抑郁。怀孕期间吸烟率高是一个重要的公共卫生问题，因为它不仅影响孕妇，还影响新生儿及其健康发育。本研究旨在调查吸烟、影响因素与叙利亚难民孕妇和土耳其共和国（TR）孕妇抑郁发生率之间的关系。2017 年 4 月 15 日至 2017 年 10 月 15 日期间，在 TR 公民和居住在土耳其哈塔伊省塞兰波纳尔边境城市的叙利亚孕妇在其所在地区中心和帐篷村接受了调查。共有 414 名孕妇同意参加这项研究，并被纳入调查。为了进行横断面研究，使用了社会人口学和妊娠特征问卷，以及 Fagerström 尼古丁依赖测试（FTND）和贝克抑郁量表（BDI）。结果发现，所有孕妇在怀孕前的吸烟率为 49.3%（n=204），怀孕期间为 37.9%（n=157）。在年龄组和教育程度方面，吸烟状况存在统计学显著差异（p=0.005，p=0.001）。孕妇的吸烟状况与其伴侣和家庭成员的吸烟状况之间也存在统计学显著差异（p=0.001，p=0.002）。80.2%（n=332）的孕妇为被动吸烟者，被动吸烟与吸烟状况之间存在统计学显著差异（Fisher；0.000）。在所有接受调查的孕妇中，有 49.8%（n=206）存在抑郁风险；TR 公民孕妇的抑郁风险率为 50.5%（n=104），难民孕妇为 49.5%（n=102），两组之间无统计学显著差异。怀孕期间的吸烟状况与抑郁风险之间存在统计学显著差异（p=0.001）。32.5%的孕妇尼古丁依赖程度较高。孕妇的 FTND 和 BDI 评分之间存在中度正相关（r=0.346；p=0.001）。结果发现，三分之一的孕妇吸烟，其中每两名孕妇就有一名有抑郁风险。吸烟状况与抑郁风险之间存在统计学显著相关性。尽管两组的吸烟率、尼古丁依赖程度和抑郁水平都很高，但两组之间没有统计学显著差异。这些数据表明，需要制定新的预防策略，以减少孕妇吸烟。
