Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Acta Odontol Scand. 2020 Nov;78(8):599-608. doi: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1788721. Epub 2020 Jul 7.
A systematic review of published data was conducted with the aim of assessing effects of xylitol and erythritol consumption on levels of mutans streptococci (MS) and the oral microbiota.
Electronic and hand searches were performed to find clinical microbiological studies concerning the consumption of xylitol and erythritol chewing gum or candies, and published between 2000 and 2019. Prospective randomized controlled clinical trials conducted in healthy subjects were included in the review.
The initial search identified 561 xylitol and 83 erythritol studies. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 xylitol studies and one erythritol study were reviewed. The review identified nine xylitol studies with a fair or high quality, four conducted in children and five in adults, all demonstrating a decrease in MS levels in association with habitual consumption of xylitol. The three microbiota studies employing multispecies probe approaches revealed no effects for xylitol on the microbiota. The only erythritol study fulfilling the inclusion criteria showed no consistent effects on MS levels.
Xylitol consumption is likely to decrease MS counts but it may not change the overall microbiota. Xylitol shows thus properties of an oral prebiotic. More studies are needed to demonstrate the effects of erythritol on MS.
系统回顾已发表的数据，旨在评估木糖醇和赤藓糖醇的摄入对变形链球菌（MS）水平和口腔微生物群的影响。
电子和手工检索了 2000 年至 2019 年间关于木糖醇和赤藓糖醇咀嚼糖或糖果消耗的临床微生物学研究。综述纳入了在健康受试者中进行的前瞻性随机对照临床试验。
最初的搜索确定了 561 项关于木糖醇和 83 项关于赤藓糖醇的研究。在应用纳入和排除标准后，共审查了 21 项木糖醇研究和 1 项赤藓糖醇研究。该综述确定了 9 项具有良好或较高质量的木糖醇研究，其中 4 项在儿童中进行，5 项在成人中进行，所有研究都表明习惯性摄入木糖醇与 MS 水平降低有关。采用多物种探针方法的三项微生物组研究表明，木糖醇对微生物组没有影响。唯一符合纳入标准的赤藓糖醇研究表明，MS 水平没有一致的变化。
木糖醇的摄入可能会降低 MS 计数，但它可能不会改变整体微生物组。因此，木糖醇具有口腔益生元的特性。需要更多的研究来证明赤藓糖醇对 MS 的影响。
