Department of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China.
Cancer Med. 2020 Sep;9(17):6306-6321. doi: 10.1002/cam4.3206. Epub 2020 Jul 7.
Bacteria identified in the oral cavity are highly complicated. They include approximately 1000 species with a diverse variety of commensal microbes that play crucial roles in the health status of individuals. Epidemiological studies related to molecular pathology have revealed that there is a close relationship between oral microbiota and tumor occurrence. Oral microbiota has attracted considerable attention for its role in in-situ or distant tumor progression. Anaerobic oral bacteria with potential pathogenic abilities, especially Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, are well studied and have close relationships with various types of carcinomas. Some aerobic bacteria such as Parvimonas are also linked to tumorigenesis. Moreover, human papillomavirus, oral fungi, and parasites are closely associated with oropharyngeal carcinoma. Microbial dysbiosis, colonization, and translocation of oral microbiota are necessary for implementation of carcinogenic functions. Various underlying mechanisms of oral microbiota-induced carcinogenesis have been reported including excessive inflammatory reaction, immunosuppression of host, promotion of malignant transformation, antiapoptotic activity, and secretion of carcinogens. In this review, we have systemically described the impact of oral microbial abnormalities on carcinogenesis and the future directions in this field for bringing in new ideas for effective prevention of tumors.
口腔中存在的细菌种类非常复杂。其中包括约 1000 种具有不同共生微生物的物种，这些微生物在个体的健康状况中起着至关重要的作用。与分子病理学相关的流行病学研究表明，口腔微生物群与肿瘤的发生密切相关。口腔微生物群因其在原位或远处肿瘤进展中的作用而引起了相当大的关注。具有潜在致病能力的厌氧口腔细菌，特别是具核梭杆菌和牙龈卟啉单胞菌，已得到深入研究，并且与各种类型的癌密切相关。一些需氧细菌，如小韦荣球菌，也与肿瘤发生有关。此外，人乳头瘤病毒、口腔真菌和寄生虫也与口咽癌密切相关。微生物失调、口腔微生物群的定植和易位是实施致癌功能的必要条件。已经报道了口腔微生物群诱导致癌的各种潜在机制，包括过度炎症反应、宿主免疫抑制、促进恶性转化、抗凋亡活性和致癌物的分泌。在这篇综述中，我们系统地描述了口腔微生物异常对致癌作用的影响，并为该领域的未来发展方向提供了新的思路，以有效预防肿瘤。
