Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, PO Box 2457, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, PO Box 2457, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2020 Nov 15;163:1314-1322. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.026. Epub 2020 Jul 6.
Vaccination is the most effective strategy of preventing and treating infectious diseases and the most significant issue in the development of potent vaccines is the sufficient immunogenicity and safety of vaccines. The main goal of the present study is to develop a potent and safe vaccine adjuvant that can also stabilize antigen formulations during preparation and storage. In this study, the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) was encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles based on lignin (OVA-LNPs). The nanoparticles had a particle size of 216 nm and a low polydispersity index. The nanoparticles were negatively charged (-26.7 mV) with high encapsulation efficiency 81.6% of OVA antigen. In vitro studies of the nanoparticles were tested against dendritic cells (DCs), specialized antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The results showed no cytotoxic effect from LNPs and a significantly higher percentage of dendritic cells have taken up the antigen when encapsulated inside LNPs in contrast to free OVA. The nanoparticle was administered intradermally to BALB/c mice and the resulting time-dependent systemic immune responses towards OVA were assessed by measuring the OVA-specific IgG titers using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In vivo immunization with OVA-LNPs induced a stronger IgG antibody response than that induced by free OVA or alum adjuvanted OVA. Enhanced immunization by OVA-LNPs was attributed to the observed efficient uptake of the antigen by dendritic cells. These findings demonstrate that LNPs are promising to be used as vaccine adjuvant and delivery system for the induction of long-term immune responses.
疫苗接种是预防和治疗传染病最有效的策略，而开发有效且安全的疫苗的关键问题是疫苗具有足够的免疫原性和安全性。本研究的主要目的是开发一种有效的且安全的疫苗佐剂，该佐剂还可以在制备和储存过程中稳定抗原制剂。在本研究中，模型抗原卵清蛋白（OVA）被包封在基于木质素的聚合物纳米颗粒（OVA-LNPs）中。纳米颗粒的粒径为 216nm，具有较低的多分散指数。纳米颗粒带负电荷（-26.7mV），OVA 抗原的包封效率高达 81.6%。对纳米颗粒进行了针对树突状细胞（DC）的体外研究，树突状细胞是专门的抗原呈递细胞（APC）。结果表明，LNPs 无细胞毒性，与游离 OVA 相比，当包裹在 LNPs 内时，摄取抗原的树突状细胞的比例显著更高。将纳米颗粒皮内注射到 BALB/c 小鼠中，并通过酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）测量 OVA 特异性 IgG 滴度来评估对 OVA 的时间依赖性全身免疫反应。与游离 OVA 或明矾佐剂 OVA 相比，OVA-LNPs 的体内免疫接种引起了更强的 IgG 抗体反应。OVA-LNPs 的增强免疫作用归因于观察到的抗原被树突状细胞有效摄取。这些发现表明 LNPs 有希望用作疫苗佐剂和递送系统，以诱导长期免疫反应。
