Department of Evolutionary and Educational Psychology, Campus Regional Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
Department of Music, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jul 7;17(13):4891. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134891.
This study aimed to investigate the influence of a structured movement activity program on the motor development of children aged three to five years attending preschool. Participants were 136 preschool students with normative development at three to four years old who lived in the Region of Murcia (Spain). The McCarthy Children's Psychomotricity and Aptitude Scales (MSCA) battery of psychomotor tests was used to evaluate the motor development profiles of preschoolers before and after the intervention. The sample was divided into two groups: an intervention group (28 students) and a comparison group (108 students). A structured 24 week physical education program was used in the intervention group. An experiential program based on free play was used in the comparison group during the same period. Preschoolers in both groups got a significant improvement in the contrast of pre-intervention with post-intervention in limb coordination. Statistically significant differences in the post-intervention measurements between the comparison group and the intervention group on arm and leg coordination were observed, whereby the intervention group presented higher arm coordination values ( = 14,389, = 0.000, = 0.097) and higher leg coordination values ( = 19,281, = 0.000, = 0.126) than the comparison group. It was pointed out that structured physical activity education is better educational methodology than free play to achieve adequate motor development in preschool children.
本研究旨在探讨结构化运动活动方案对 3 至 5 岁学龄前儿童运动发展的影响。参与者为 136 名在西班牙穆尔西亚地区生活的、3 至 4 岁具有正常发育的学龄前儿童。采用麦卡锡儿童心理运动和能力量表（MSCA）心理运动测试套对干预前后学龄前儿童的运动发展状况进行评估。样本分为两组：干预组（28 名学生）和对照组（108 名学生）。干预组采用结构化的 24 周体育课程，而对照组在同期采用基于自由游戏的体验式课程。两组学龄前儿童在肢体协调方面均有显著提高，即干预前与干预后的对比有显著差异。在干预后测量中，对照组和干预组在手臂和腿部协调方面存在显著差异，干预组的手臂协调值（ = 14.389， = 0.000， = 0.097）和腿部协调值（ = 19.281， = 0.000， = 0.126）更高。研究结果表明，与自由游戏相比，结构化的体育教育是更好的教育方法，可以促进学龄前儿童获得适当的运动发展。
