Bellows Laura L, Davies Patricia L, Courtney Jimikaye B, Gavin William J, Johnson Susan L, Boles Richard E
Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, United States.
Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, United States.
J Sci Med Sport. 2017 Nov;20(11):997-1002. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.04.003. Epub 2017 Apr 26.
This study aimed to: (1) determine the status of fundamental movement skill (FMS) performance in low-income, at-risk preschoolers; and (2) evaluate the impact of the Food Friends Get Movin' with Mighty Moves (MM) program on improving children's FMS at two-year follow-up.
Longitudinal, quasi-experimental study with matched controls.
The Colorado LEAP study was conducted in four Head Start/preschools (two intervention, two control) serving children aged 3-5 years. MM was delivered to the intervention group during preschool. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2) subtests for balance, running speed and agility, upper-limb coordination (object control (OC) skills) and strength were administered to children at baseline, post-intervention in preschool, one-year follow-up (kindergarten), and two-year follow-up (first grade).
Compared to the normative sample's mean, the mean scaled score for all participants at baseline was significantly lower for balance (p=0.016) and OC skills (p<0.001). At two-year follow-up, the means of balance for all participants and OC skills for just the control group were significantly lower than those of the normative sample (p≤0.001). Hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed a significant intervention effect for OC skills with the overall model accounting for 41% of variance at two-year follow-up, F=20.45, p<0.001. No intervention effects were found for the other three BOT-2 subtests.
Delivering the MM program in preschool confers a lasting impact on FMS, specifically OC skills, in at-risk elementary school children. Results suggest that at-risk preschoolers are already behind in FMS development and these delays will continue through first grade.
本研究旨在：（1）确定低收入、处于风险中的学龄前儿童的基本运动技能（FMS）表现状况；（2）在两年随访时评估“食物朋友与强大动作同行”（MM）项目对改善儿童FMS的影响。
纵向、有匹配对照组的准实验研究。
科罗拉多州LEAP研究在四所“启智计划”/幼儿园（两所干预组、两所对照组）开展，服务3至5岁儿童。MM项目在学龄前交付给干预组。在基线、学龄前干预后、一年随访（幼儿园）和两年随访（一年级）时，对儿童进行布鲁宁克斯 - 奥塞列茨基运动能力测验第二版（BOT - 2）中关于平衡、跑步速度与敏捷性、上肢协调性（物体控制（OC）技能）和力量的子测验。
与常模样本均值相比，所有参与者在基线时平衡（p = 0.016）和OC技能（p < 0.001）的平均量表分数显著更低。在两年随访时，所有参与者的平衡均值以及仅对照组的OC技能均值显著低于常模样本（p≤0.001）。分层线性回归分析显示，OC技能有显著的干预效果，总体模型在两年随访时解释了41%的方差，F = 20.45，p < 0.001。其他三个BOT - 2子测验未发现干预效果。
在学龄前实施MM项目对处于风险中的小学生的FMS，特别是OC技能，具有持久影响。结果表明，处于风险中的学龄前儿童在FMS发展方面已经落后，且这些延迟将持续到一年级。
