Gu Ying, Chen Yong, Ma Jiameng, Ren Zhongyu, Li Huaran, Kim Hyunshik
College of Sports Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China.
Department of Physical Education, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 5;18(5):2627. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052627.
Gross motor locomotion is the basis of various sensory motor locomotion. Interventions helping preschoolers develop gross motor skills (GMS) could provide a solid foundation for complex motor skills. This study analyzed a table tennis physical activity program's influence on preschoolers' GMS development with 104 preschoolers (experimental group (EG): N = 52, 25 boys, 27 girls; control group (CG): N = 52, 25 boys, 27 girls). The EG conducted table tennis physical activities three times per week for 12 weeks. Preschoolers' GMSs were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development (second edition). After 12 weeks, both the male and female EGs had significantly improved scores for GMS, locomotor subtest, gallop, hop, leap, slide, object control subtest, strike a stationary ball, stationary dribble, catch, overarm throw, and underhand roll ( < 0.05, < 0.01, < 0.001). The female EG also showed significant improvement for the run, horizontal jump, and catch in the post-test. Both the male and female EGs significantly outperformed the control group in their post-test scores for GMS, locomotor subtest, object control subtest, strike a stationary ball, overarm throw, and underhand roll ( < 0.05). The female EG also showed significant differences in slide scores ( < 0.05). Therefore, table tennis physical activities can promote preschoolers' GMS development, especially object control skills. The research results provide an empirical basis for preschoolers' physical education. Meanwhile, our findings have important implications for preschoolers' GMS development and table tennis' popularization in Chinese kindergartens.
大肌肉运动是各种感觉运动的基础。帮助学龄前儿童发展大肌肉技能（GMS）的干预措施可为复杂运动技能奠定坚实基础。本研究分析了一项乒乓球体育活动计划对104名学龄前儿童（实验组（EG）：N = 52，25名男孩，27名女孩；对照组（CG）：N = 52，25名男孩，27名女孩）的GMS发展的影响。实验组每周进行三次乒乓球体育活动，共12周。使用《大肌肉发展测试》（第二版）对学龄前儿童的GMS进行评估。12周后，实验组的男性和女性在GMS、运动子测试、奔跑、跳跃、单脚跳、双脚跳、侧滑步、物体控制子测试、击打静止球、原地运球、接球、过头投掷和下手滚球方面的得分均有显著提高（P < 0.05，P < 0.01，P < 0.001）。女性实验组在测试后的跑步、立定跳远和接球方面也有显著改善。实验组的男性和女性在测试后的GMS、运动子测试、物体控制子测试、击打静止球、过头投掷和下手滚球的得分上均显著优于对照组（P < 0.05）。女性实验组在侧滑步得分上也有显著差异（P < 0.05）。因此，乒乓球体育活动可以促进学龄前儿童的GMS发展，尤其是物体控制技能。研究结果为学龄前儿童体育教育提供了实证依据。同时，我们的研究结果对学龄前儿童的GMS发展以及乒乓球在中国幼儿园的推广具有重要意义。
