Machado-Alba Jorge Enrique, Valladales-Restrepo Luis Fernando, Gaviria-Mendoza Andrés, Machado-Duque Manuel Enrique, Figueras Albert
Grupo de Investigación en Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira-Audifarma S.A, 660003 Pereira, Colombia.
Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Facultad de Medicina, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, 660003 Pereira, Colombia.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2020 Jul 8;9(7):389. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9070389.
The use of antibiotics is the most important modifiable risk factor for the development of microorganism resistance. A cross-sectional study of outpatients receiving antibiotic prescriptions registered in a population database in Colombia was conducted. The characteristics of the consumption in capital cities and small municipalities was studied and the AWaRe classification was used. AWaRe classifies antibiotics into three stewardship groups: Access, Watch and Reserve, to emphasize the importance of their optimal use and potential harms of antimicrobial resistance. A total of 182,397 patients were prescribed an antibiotic; the most common were penicillins (38.6%), cephalosporins (30.2%) and fluoroquinolones (10.9%). 'Access' antibiotics (86.4%) were the most frequently prescribed, followed by 'Watch' antibiotics (17.0%). Being 18 or older, being male, living in a municipality, having one or more comorbidities and urinary, respiratory or gastrointestinal disorders increased the probability of receiving 'Watch' or 'Reserve' antibiotics. Penicillin and urinary antiseptic prescriptions predominated in cities, while cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone prescriptions predominated in municipalities. This analysis showed that the goal set by the WHO Access of mainly using Access antibiotics is being met, although the high use of Watch antibiotics in municipalities should be carefully studied to determine if it is necessary to design specific campaigns to improve antibiotics use.
抗生素的使用是微生物耐药性发展最重要的可改变风险因素。对哥伦比亚一个人口数据库中登记的接受抗生素处方的门诊患者进行了一项横断面研究。研究了首都城市和小市镇抗生素消费的特征，并采用了AWaRe分类法。AWaRe将抗生素分为三个管理类别：可及类、慎用类和储备类，以强调其合理使用的重要性以及抗菌药物耐药性的潜在危害。共有182397名患者开具了抗生素处方；最常用的是青霉素（38.6%）、头孢菌素（30.2%）和氟喹诺酮类（10.9%）。“可及类”抗生素（86.4%）是最常开具的，其次是“慎用类”抗生素（17.0%）。年龄在18岁及以上、男性、居住在市镇、患有一种或多种合并症以及患有泌尿、呼吸或胃肠道疾病会增加接受“慎用类”或“储备类”抗生素的可能性。青霉素和尿路防腐剂处方在城市中占主导地位，而头孢菌素和氟喹诺酮类处方在市镇中占主导地位。该分析表明，世界卫生组织设定的主要使用“可及类”抗生素的目标正在实现，尽管市镇中“慎用类”抗生素的高使用率应仔细研究，以确定是否有必要设计具体活动来改善抗生素的使用。
