Nursing Administrator, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China, and Head of School, Evidence-Based Nursing Center, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China.
Professor, School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong and Associate Dean, Faculty of Health and Social Science, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
J Nurs Scholarsh. 2020 Sep;52(5):564-573. doi: 10.1111/jnu.12590. Epub 2020 Aug 19.
To investigate the anxiety and depression levels of frontline clinical nurses working in 14 hospitals in Gansu Province, China, during this period.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted online between February 7 and 10, 2020, with a convenience sample of 22,034 nurses working in 14 prefecture and city hospitals in Gansu Province, located in northwest China.
A self-reported questionnaire with four parts (demographic characteristics, general questions related to novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia, self-rating anxiety scale, and self-rating depression scale) was administered. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, means, and SDs were computed. The associations between anxiety and depression with sociodemographic characteristics, work-related concerns, and impacts were analyzed, followed by multiple stepwise linear regression to identify factors that best predicted the nurses' anxiety and depression levels.
A total of 21,199 questionnaires were checked to be valid, with an effective recovery rate of 96.21%. The mean ± SD age of the respondents was 31.89 ± 7.084 years, and the mean ± SD length of service was 9.40 ± 7.638 years. The majority of the respondents were female (98.6%) and married (73.1%). Some demographic characteristics, related concerns, and impacts of COVID-19 were found to be significantly associated with both anxiety (p < .001) and depression (p < .001). Nurses who needed to take care of children or elderly relatives, took leave from work because they were worried about COVID-19, avoided contact with family and friends, and wanted to obtain more COVID-19-related knowledge had higher levels of both anxiety and depression.
Results show that nurses faced with the COVID-19 outbreak are at risk for experiencing anxiety and depression. Demographic background, psychosocial factors, and work-related factors predicted the psychological responses. The family responsibilities and burdens of women may explain the higher levels of anxiety and depression among nurses with these obligations as compared to those without. On the other hand, nurses who chose not to take leave from work or who did not avoid going to work during this period were less anxious and depressed.
Professional commitment might be a protective factor for adverse psychological responses. It is pertinent to provide emotional support for nurses and recognize their professional commitment in providing service to people in need.
调查中国甘肃省 14 家医院一线临床护士在此期间的焦虑和抑郁水平。
2020 年 2 月 7 日至 10 日，采用便利抽样法，对中国西北地区甘肃省 14 个市州医院的 22034 名护士进行了在线横断面调查。
采用自报式问卷，包括 4 部分（人口统计学特征、与新型冠状病毒肺炎相关的一般问题、焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表）。计算频数、均数、标准差等描述性统计量。分析焦虑和抑郁与人口统计学特征、工作相关问题和影响的关系，然后进行多元逐步线性回归，以确定预测护士焦虑和抑郁水平的最佳因素。
共检查了 21199 份有效问卷，有效回收率为 96.21%。受访者的平均年龄为 31.89 ± 7.084 岁，平均工作年限为 9.40 ± 7.638 年。大多数受访者为女性（98.6%）和已婚（73.1%）。一些人口统计学特征、相关问题和 COVID-19 的影响与焦虑（p<0.001）和抑郁（p<0.001）显著相关。需要照顾孩子或老年亲属、因担心 COVID-19 而请假、避免与家人和朋友接触以及希望获得更多 COVID-19 相关知识的护士，其焦虑和抑郁水平更高。
结果表明，面对 COVID-19 疫情，护士面临焦虑和抑郁的风险。人口统计学背景、心理社会因素和工作相关因素预测了心理反应。女性的家庭责任和负担可能解释了与没有这些义务的护士相比，有这些义务的护士焦虑和抑郁水平更高的原因。另一方面，在这段时间内选择不请假或不回避上班的护士，焦虑和抑郁程度较低。
职业承诺可能是不良心理反应的保护因素。为护士提供情感支持并承认他们在为有需要的人提供服务方面的职业承诺是很重要的。
