Nutrition Graduate Course, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Knowledge Areaof Life Sciences, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Brazil.
Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2020 May-Jun;31(3):604-613. doi: 10.4103/1319-2442.289447.
Reducing dietary sodium has the potential to benefit patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis (HD). This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary counseling on sodium restriction and its relationship with clinical, dietary, and quality of life parameters in patients on HD treatment. This study was designed as a randomized clinical trial. The study included 87 patients on HD, divided into intervention (n = 47) and control (n = 40) groups. Anthropometric, clinical, sodium intake, and quality of life data were evaluated in both groups at four-time points: baseline (T0), 90 days (T3), 180 days (T6), and 365 days (T12). The intervention group received dietary counseling at the beginning and throughout the study. There were no between-group differences regarding anthropometric, clinical, and quality of life data at any of the time points. The mean age was 59 ± 14 years, and most of the patients were men (61%) and had hypertension (90%). Total sodium (g) and processed meat (mg sodium) intake significantly decreased in both groups [intervention: T0 = 3.5 (2.3-4.7); T12 = 2.0 (0.7-2.5); P <0.0001; control: T0 = 3 (1.5-4.9); T12 = 2.0 (0.8-3.3); P = 0.001; and intervention: T0 = 78 (25-196); T12 = 21 (0-78); P = 0.003; control: T0 = 97 (31-406); T12 = 44 (0-152); P = 0.004, respectively] . There was a significant decrease in the consumption of packaged seasonings (mg sodium) [T0 = 130 (0-854); T12 = 0 (0-0); P = 0.015] and instant noodles [T0 = 19 (0-91); T12 = 0 (0-0); P = 0.017] in the intervention group. Dietary counseling was effective in changing dietary habits. In both groups, there was a reduction in total sodium intake, which was greater in the intervention group. Moreover, a decrease in the intake of salty foods, such as packaged seasonings and instant noodles, was only observed in the intervention group.
减少饮食中的钠摄入量有可能使接受血液透析（HD）治疗的慢性肾脏病患者受益。本研究旨在评估饮食咨询对钠限制的影响及其与患者临床、饮食和生活质量参数的关系。本研究设计为随机临床试验。研究纳入了 87 名接受 HD 治疗的患者，分为干预组（n=47）和对照组（n=40）。两组在四个时间点评估了人体测量、临床、钠摄入量和生活质量数据：基线（T0）、90 天（T3）、180 天（T6）和 365 天（T12）。干预组在研究开始时和整个研究过程中都接受了饮食咨询。两组在任何时间点的人体测量、临床和生活质量数据均无组间差异。患者的平均年龄为 59±14 岁，大多数患者为男性（61%）和患有高血压（90%）。两组的总钠（g）和加工肉类（mg 钠）摄入量均显著下降[干预组：T0=3.5（2.3-4.7）；T12=2.0（0.7-2.5）；P<0.0001；对照组：T0=3（1.5-4.9）；T12=2.0（0.8-3.3）；P=0.001；干预组：T0=78（25-196）；T12=21（0-78）；P=0.003；对照组：T0=97（31-406）；T12=44（0-152）；P=0.004]。干预组包装调味料（mg 钠）[T0=130（0-854）；T12=0（0-0）；P=0.015]和方便面（mg 钠）[T0=19（0-91）；T12=0（0-0）；P=0.017]的摄入量显著下降。饮食咨询在改变饮食习惯方面是有效的。在两组中，总钠摄入量均有所减少，干预组的减少幅度更大。此外，仅在干预组中观察到包装调味料和方便面等咸味食品摄入量的减少。
