Abeyta Andrew A, Routledge Clay, Kaslon Samuel
Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Camden, NJ, United States.
Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States.
Front Psychol. 2020 Jun 23;11:1219. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01219. eCollection 2020.
Loneliness is difficult to overcome, in part because it is associated with negative social cognitions and social motivations. We argue that nostalgia, a positive emotional experience that involves reflecting on cherished memories, is a psychological resource that regulates these maladaptive intrapsychic tendencies associated with loneliness. We tested this hypothesis across 4 studies. Study 1 examined whether nostalgia mitigates the inverse relation between loneliness and social confidence. Studies 2, 3, and 4 examined nostalgia's potential to mitigate the inverse relation between loneliness and approach-oriented social goals and intentions. The results provided support that nostalgia mitigates reduced social confidence and low approach-oriented social goals/intentions associated with loneliness. The associations between loneliness and reduced social confidence, and loneliness and less approach-oriented social goals/intentions, respectively, were found to be weaker as a function of nostalgia. This weakening appeared to be due to nostalgia's positive effect on social confidence and approach-oriented social goals/intentions, respectively, particularly at high levels of loneliness.
孤独难以克服，部分原因在于它与消极的社会认知和社会动机相关联。我们认为，怀旧是一种积极的情感体验，涉及对珍贵记忆的反思，它是一种心理资源，能够调节与孤独相关的这些适应不良的内心倾向。我们通过四项研究对这一假设进行了检验。研究1考察了怀旧是否能减轻孤独与社交自信之间的负相关关系。研究2、3和研究4考察了怀旧减轻孤独与以接近为导向的社会目标和意图之间负相关关系的潜力。结果支持了怀旧能减轻与孤独相关的社交自信降低和以接近为导向的社会目标/意图较低的观点。孤独与社交自信降低之间的关联，以及孤独与较少以接近为导向的社会目标/意图之间的关联，分别被发现随着怀旧程度的增加而减弱。这种减弱似乎分别是由于怀旧对社交自信和以接近为导向的社会目标/意图的积极影响，尤其是在孤独程度较高时。
