Voga Metka, Adamic Neza, Vengust Modest, Majdic Gregor
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Front Vet Sci. 2020 May 29;7:278. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00278. eCollection 2020.
Regenerative medicine is a branch of medicine that develops methods to grow, repair, or replace damaged or diseased cells, organs or tissues. It has gained significant momentum in recent years. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the capability to self-renew and differentiate into tissue cells with specialized functions. Stem cell therapies are therefore used to overcome the body's inability to regenerate damaged tissues and metabolic processes after acute or chronic insult. The concept of stem cell therapy was first introduced in 1991 by Caplan, who proposed that massive differentiation of cells into the desired tissue could be achieved by isolation, cultivation, and expansion of stem cells in conditions. Among different stem cell types, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) currently seem to be the most suitable for therapeutic purposes, based on their simple isolation and culturing techniques, and lack of ethical issues regarding their usage. Because of their remarkable immunomodulatory abilities, MSCs are increasingly gaining recognition in veterinary medicine. Developments are primarily driven by the limitations of current treatment options for various medical problems in different animal species. MSCs represent a possible therapeutic option for many animal diseases, such as orthopedic, orodental and digestive tract diseases, liver, renal, cardiac, respiratory, neuromuscular, dermal, olfactory, and reproductive system diseases. Although we are progressively gaining an understanding of MSC behavior and their mechanisms of action, some of the issues considering their use for therapy are yet to be resolved. The aim of this review is first to summarize the current knowledge and stress out major issues in stem cell based therapies in veterinary medicine and, secondly, to present results of clinical usage of stem cells in veterinary patients.
再生医学是医学的一个分支，它致力于开发用于生长、修复或替换受损或患病细胞、器官或组织的方法。近年来，它发展势头迅猛。干细胞是未分化的细胞，具有自我更新的能力，并能分化为具有特定功能的组织细胞。因此，干细胞疗法被用于克服机体在急性或慢性损伤后无法再生受损组织和代谢过程的问题。干细胞疗法的概念最早由卡普兰于1991年提出，他认为通过在特定条件下分离、培养和扩增干细胞，可以使细胞大量分化为所需组织。在不同类型的干细胞中，基于间充质干细胞简单的分离和培养技术以及使用过程中不存在伦理问题，目前它们似乎最适合用于治疗目的。由于间充质干细胞具有显著的免疫调节能力，它们在兽医学中越来越受到认可。其发展主要是由不同动物物种中各种医学问题当前治疗选择的局限性所推动。间充质干细胞是许多动物疾病的一种可能治疗选择，如骨科、口腔牙科和消化道疾病、肝脏、肾脏、心脏、呼吸、神经肌肉、皮肤、嗅觉和生殖系统疾病。尽管我们对间充质干细胞的行为及其作用机制的理解在不断加深，但考虑将其用于治疗的一些问题仍有待解决。本综述的目的首先是总结兽医学中基于干细胞疗法的当前知识，并强调主要问题，其次是介绍干细胞在兽医临床应用中的结果。
