Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Storrs, CT 06032, USA.
Cell Metab. 2021 May 4;33(5):873-887. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.03.015. Epub 2021 Mar 30.
The molecular circadian clock and symbiotic host-microbe relationships both evolved as mechanisms that enhance metabolic responses to environmental challenges. The gut microbiome benefits the host by breaking down diet-derived nutrients indigestible by the host and generating microbiota-derived metabolites that support host metabolism. Similarly, cellular circadian clocks optimize organismal physiology to the environment by influencing the timing and coordination of metabolic processes. Host-microbe interactions are influenced by dietary quality and timing, as well as daily light/dark cycles that entrain circadian rhythms in the host. Together, the gut microbiome and the molecular circadian clock play a coordinated role in neural processing, metabolism, adipogenesis, inflammation, and disease initiation and progression. This review examines the bidirectional interactions between the circadian clock, gut microbiota, and host metabolic systems and their effects on obesity and energy homeostasis. Directions for future research and the development of therapies that leverage these systems to address metabolic disease are highlighted.
分子生物钟和共生的宿主-微生物关系都是作为增强代谢对环境挑战的反应的机制而进化的。肠道微生物组通过分解宿主无法消化的饮食来源的营养物质，并生成支持宿主代谢的微生物衍生代谢物，从而使宿主受益。同样，细胞生物钟通过影响代谢过程的时间安排和协调，使生物体的生理机能与环境相适应。宿主-微生物的相互作用受到饮食质量和时间的影响，以及昼夜节律的影响，昼夜节律使宿主的生物钟同步。肠道微生物组和分子生物钟在神经处理、代谢、脂肪生成、炎症以及疾病的发生和发展中起着协调作用。这篇综述探讨了生物钟、肠道微生物群和宿主代谢系统之间的双向相互作用，以及它们对肥胖和能量平衡的影响。强调了未来研究的方向和利用这些系统来解决代谢性疾病的治疗方法的发展。
