Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
Department of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Clin Oral Investig. 2021 Mar;25(3):1375-1381. doi: 10.1007/s00784-020-03445-8. Epub 2020 Jul 13.
Completion of adolescent growth represents the earliest time point for implant placement, yet craniofacial growth persists into adulthood and may affect implant position. We aimed to assess whether implants placed in the anterior maxillae of adults show angular changes over time.
We conducted a cephalometric pilot study in postpubertal patients with no growth disorders, skeletal malformations, or parafunctions. The patients received a single implant in the anterior maxilla and no orthodontic or orthognathic treatment afterwards. We measured angular changes of implants and central incisors on cephalograms taken immediately and after at least 5 years postoperatively with the Sella-Nasion line (SNL) and the nasal line (NL) as references. Changes in implant-SNL angles were the primary outcome.
In 21 patients (30.2 ± 11.5 years at surgery) after a mean follow-up of 8.6 ± 1.3 years, implant-SNL angles and implant-NL angles changed in 81% and 57% of implants, respectively. Implant-SNL changes ranged from 3° counterclockwise to 4° clockwise and were more prevalent in males (100% vs. 58%) and patients under 30 at surgery (85% vs. 63%); mean absolute differences were larger in males (1.8 ± 1.0° vs. 1.3 ± 1.4°) and patients under 30 at surgery (1.5 ± 1.4° vs. 1.1 ± 1.4°). Incisor-SNL angles and incisor-NL angles changed in 89% and 32% of incisors, respectively.
Implants placed in the anterior maxillae of adults show modest angular changes over time.
Changes in implant angles have potential functional and esthetic consequences.
青少年生长完成代表着植入物放置的最早时间点，但颅面生长持续到成年期，并可能影响植入物位置。我们旨在评估成年人上颌前区植入物随时间是否会发生角度变化。
我们对无生长障碍、骨骼畸形或功能障碍的青春期后患者进行了一项头颅侧位片的试点研究。患者在上颌前区植入单个种植体，之后不再进行正畸或正颌治疗。我们使用 Sella-Nasion 线 (SNL) 和鼻线 (NL) 作为参考，在术后即刻和至少 5 年后的头颅侧位片上测量植入物和中切牙的角度变化。植入物-SNL 角度的变化是主要结局。
在 21 名患者（手术时 30.2±11.5 岁）中，平均随访 8.6±1.3 年后，81%和 57%的植入物的植入物-SNL 角度和植入物-NL 角度分别发生了变化。植入物-SNL 的变化范围从 3°逆时针到 4°顺时针，男性更为常见（100%比 58%），手术时年龄小于 30 岁的患者更为常见（85%比 63%）；男性的平均绝对差异较大（1.8±1.0°比 1.3±1.4°），手术时年龄小于 30 岁的患者差异较大（1.5±1.4°比 1.1±1.4°）。中切牙-SNL 角度和中切牙-NL 角度分别在 89%和 32%的中切牙中发生了变化。
成年人上颌前区植入物随时间会发生适度的角度变化。
植入物角度的变化可能会对功能和美观产生影响。
