Chung Seungwon, Son Jung-Woo
Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.
Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea.
Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak. 2020 Jul 1;31(3):105-120. doi: 10.5765/jkacap.200018.
Although autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social impairments, patients with ASD frequently manifest atypical sensory behaviors. Recently, atypical sensory perception in ASD has received much attention, yet little is known about its cause or neurobiology. Herein, we review the findings from neuroimaging studies related to visual perception in ASD. Specifically, we examined the neural underpinnings of visual detection, motion perception, and face processing in ASD. Results from neuroimaging studies indicate that atypical visual perception in ASD may be influenced by attention or higher order cognitive mechanisms, and atypical face perception may be affected by disrupted social brain network. However, there is considerable evidence for atypical early visual processing in ASD. It is likely that visual perceptual abnormalities are independent of deficits of social functions or cognition. Importantly, atypical visual perception in ASD may enhance difficulties in dealing with complex and subtle social stimuli, or improve outstanding abilities in certain fields in individuals with Savant syndrome. Thus, future research is required to elucidate the characteristics and neurobiology of autistic visual perception to effectively apply these findings in the interventions of ASD.
尽管自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种以社交障碍为特征的神经发育障碍，但ASD患者经常表现出非典型的感觉行为。最近，ASD中的非典型感觉知觉受到了广泛关注，但其原因或神经生物学机制仍知之甚少。在此，我们综述了与ASD视觉知觉相关的神经影像学研究结果。具体而言，我们研究了ASD中视觉检测、运动知觉和面孔加工的神经基础。神经影像学研究结果表明，ASD中的非典型视觉知觉可能受注意力或高阶认知机制影响，而非典型面孔知觉可能受社交脑网络紊乱影响。然而，有大量证据表明ASD存在非典型早期视觉加工。视觉知觉异常可能独立于社交功能或认知缺陷。重要的是，ASD中的非典型视觉知觉可能会增加处理复杂和微妙社交刺激的困难，或提高学者综合征患者在某些领域的突出能力。因此，需要未来的研究来阐明自闭症视觉知觉的特征和神经生物学机制，以便将这些发现有效地应用于ASD的干预中。
