Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata Prefecture, Niigata, Japan. Email:
Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata Prefecture, Niigata, Japan.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2020;29(2):382-394. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.202007_29(2).0021.
Dietary diversity is an indicator of diet quality. Dietary diversity has been suggested to result in good nutrient intake, but it can affect dietary cost. We examined whether dietary diversity correlates with nutrient intake and monetary diet cost.
We used data for 3985 individuals (age range: 20-64 years) from the 2014 Japan National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS). Dietary diversity was assessed using the food variety score (FVS; the number of foods) and dietary diversity score (DDS; the number of food groups, range: 1-14). Mean energy and nutrient intake from NHNS, and diet cost from the National Retail Price Survey were compared among FVS quartiles using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and between 2 groups with median DDS using the Mann-Whitney U test.
Mean (SD) FVS and DDS per day were 22.3 (7.2) and 9.8 (2.0), respectively. For most nutrients, intake per 4184 kJ was relatively high when FVS was high (p<0.001); however, carbohydrate intake was relatively high in the low-FVS group (p<0.001). For all nutrients with significant differences, intake was higher in the group with high DDS (≥10). Monetary diet cost was higher in the high-FVS and DDS groups compared with the low groups (p<0.001).
Intake of a variety of food and food groups resulted in higher intake of various nutrients as well as higher monetary diet cost. Additionally, care should be taken to avoid excessive intake of nutrients such as sodium and SFA that may result from diverse diets.
饮食多样性是饮食质量的一个指标。饮食多样性被认为可以导致良好的营养素摄入，但它也可能影响饮食成本。我们研究了饮食多样性是否与营养素摄入和饮食花费的货币成本相关。
我们使用了 2014 年日本全国健康和营养调查（NHNS）中 3985 名（年龄范围：20-64 岁）个体的数据。饮食多样性使用食物种类得分（FVS；食物种类数）和饮食多样性得分（DDS；食物组的数量，范围：1-14）进行评估。使用 Kruskal-Wallis 检验比较 NHNS 的平均能量和营养素摄入量以及国家零售价格调查的饮食花费在 FVS 四分位数之间的差异，并用 Mann-Whitney U 检验比较 2 组的中位数 DDS。
平均（SD）每天的 FVS 和 DDS 分别为 22.3（7.2）和 9.8（2.0）。对于大多数营养素，当 FVS 较高时，每 4184 kJ 的摄入量相对较高（p<0.001）；然而，低 FVS 组的碳水化合物摄入量相对较高（p<0.001）。对于所有有显著差异的营养素，高 DDS 组（≥10）的摄入量较高。与低 FVS 和 DDS 组相比，高 FVS 和 DDS 组的饮食花费较高（p<0.001）。
摄入多种食物和食物组可导致各种营养素的摄入增加以及饮食花费的货币成本增加。此外，应该注意避免由于多样化的饮食而导致的钠和 SFA 等营养素的过量摄入。
