Post-Graduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil.
University Hospital Professor Edgard Santos, Bahia 40110-909, Brazil.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jul 14;21(14):4977. doi: 10.3390/ijms21144977.
Alzheimer disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, affecting middle-aged and elderly individuals worldwide. AD pathophysiology involves the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, along with chronic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Physical exercise (PE) is a beneficial non-pharmacological strategy and has been described as an ally to combat cognitive decline in individuals with AD. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern the beneficial adaptations induced by PE in AD are not fully elucidated. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, inhibiting or degrading their target mRNAs. MicroRNAs are involved in physiological processes that govern normal brain function and deregulated microRNA profiles are associated with the development and progression of AD. It is also known that PE changes microRNA expression profile in the circulation and in target tissues and organs. Thus, this review aimed to identify the role of deregulated microRNAs in the pathophysiology of AD and explore the possible role of the modulation of microRNAs as a molecular mechanism involved in the beneficial actions of PE in AD.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是最常见的神经退行性疾病之一，影响着全球的中老年人。AD 的病理生理学涉及大脑中β-淀粉样斑块和神经原纤维缠结的积累，以及慢性神经炎症和神经退行性变。身体锻炼（PE）是一种有益的非药物策略，被描述为对抗 AD 患者认知能力下降的盟友。然而，调节 PE 在 AD 中诱导的有益适应性的分子机制尚未完全阐明。microRNAs 是参与基因表达转录后调控的小非编码 RNA，抑制或降解其靶 mRNAs。microRNAs 参与调节正常大脑功能的生理过程，失调的 microRNA 谱与 AD 的发展和进展有关。此外，已知 PE 会改变循环中和靶组织和器官中的 microRNA 表达谱。因此，本综述旨在确定失调的 microRNAs 在 AD 病理生理学中的作用，并探讨 microRNAs 调节作为 PE 在 AD 中发挥有益作用的分子机制之一的可能性。
