Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; GKC-Rett Expertise Centre, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Department of Bioengineering and IBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
Prog Neurobiol. 2021 Oct;205:102124. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102124. Epub 2021 Jul 24.
With a diverse set of neuronal and glial cell populations, Central Nervous System (CNS) has one of the most complex structures in the body. Intercellular communication is therefore highly important to coordinate cell-to-cell interactions. Besides electrical and chemical messengers, CNS cells also benefit from another communication route, what is known as extracellular vesicles, to harmonize their interactions. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) and their subtype exosomes are membranous particles secreted by cells and contain information packaged in the form of biomolecules such as small fragments of DNA, lipids, miRNAs, mRNAs, and proteins. They are able to efficiently drive changes upon their arrival to recipient cells. EVs actively participate in all stages of CNS development by stimulating neural cell proliferation, differentiation, synaptic formation, and mediating reciprocal interactions between neurons and oligodendrocyte for myelination process. The aim of the present review is to enlighten the presence and contribution of EVs at each CNS developmental milestone.
中枢神经系统（CNS）拥有多种神经元和神经胶质细胞群体，其结构是体内最为复杂的之一。因此，细胞间的通讯对于协调细胞间的相互作用非常重要。除了电和化学信使外，CNS 细胞还受益于另一种通讯途径，即细胞外囊泡（EVs），以协调它们的相互作用。细胞外囊泡（EVs）及其亚型外泌体是由细胞分泌的膜性颗粒，其中包含以生物分子形式包装的信息，例如 DNA 的小片段、脂质、miRNAs、mRNAs 和蛋白质。它们能够在到达受体细胞时有效地引发变化。EVs 通过刺激神经细胞增殖、分化、突触形成以及介导神经元和少突胶质细胞之间的相互作用来促进髓鞘形成过程，从而积极参与 CNS 发育的各个阶段。本综述旨在阐明 EVs 在 CNS 发育的每个里程碑中的存在和作用。
