Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2020;159:322-331. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.04.011. Epub 2020 May 1.
Increasing evidence indicates that lipid metabolism is disturbed in central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are nanosized particles that play an essential role in intercellular communication and tissue homeostasis by transporting diverse biologically active molecules, including a large variety of lipid species. In the last decade, studies defined that changes in the EV lipidome closely correlate with disease-progression and -remission in CNS disorders. In this review, we summarize and discuss these changes in the EV lipidome and elaborate on the impact of different EV-associated lipids on pathological processes in CNS disorders. We conclude that EV-associated lipids are closely associated with neuroinflammation, CNS repair, and pathological protein aggregation in CNS disorders, and that modulation of the EV lipidome represents a promising therapeutic strategy to halt disease progression in multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. Moreover, we predict that disease-stage specific EV-associated lipid signatures can be invaluable markers for the diagnosis and early detection of CNS disorders in the future.
越来越多的证据表明，脂代谢在中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病中受到干扰，如多发性硬化症、阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病。细胞外囊泡（EVs），包括外泌体和微泡，是纳米大小的颗粒，通过运输各种生物活性分子，包括多种脂质种类，在细胞间通讯和组织稳态中发挥着重要作用。在过去的十年中，研究定义了 EV 脂质组的变化与 CNS 疾病的疾病进展和缓解密切相关。在这篇综述中，我们总结和讨论了 EV 脂质组的这些变化，并详细阐述了不同 EV 相关脂质对 CNS 疾病中病理过程的影响。我们得出结论，EV 相关脂质与 CNS 疾病中的神经炎症、CNS 修复和病理性蛋白聚集密切相关，调节 EV 脂质组代表了一种有前途的治疗策略，可以阻止多发性硬化症、阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病的疾病进展。此外，我们预测，疾病阶段特异性的 EV 相关脂质特征可以成为未来 CNS 疾病诊断和早期检测的非常有价值的标志物。
