Department of Bioengineering and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 11;21(24):9428. doi: 10.3390/ijms21249428.
The central nervous system (CNS) is the most complex structure in the body, consisting of multiple cell types with distinct morphology and function. Development of the neuronal circuit and its function rely on a continuous crosstalk between neurons and non-neural cells. It has been widely accepted that extracellular vesicles (EVs), mainly exosomes, are effective entities responsible for intercellular CNS communication. They contain membrane and cytoplasmic proteins, lipids, non-coding RNAs, microRNAs and mRNAs. Their cargo modulates gene and protein expression in recipient cells. Several lines of evidence indicate that EVs play a role in modifying signal transduction with subsequent physiological changes in neurogenesis, gliogenesis, synaptogenesis and network circuit formation and activity, as well as synaptic pruning and myelination. Several studies demonstrate that neural and non-neural EVs play an important role in physiological and pathological neurodevelopment. The present review discusses the role of EVs in various neurodevelopmental disorders and the prospects of using EVs as disease biomarkers and therapeutics.
中枢神经系统（CNS）是体内最复杂的结构，由具有不同形态和功能的多种细胞类型组成。神经元回路的发育及其功能依赖于神经元和非神经细胞之间的持续串扰。人们普遍认为，细胞外囊泡（EVs），主要是外泌体，是负责细胞间中枢神经系统通讯的有效实体。它们包含膜和细胞质蛋白、脂质、非编码 RNA、microRNAs 和 mRNAs。其货物可调节靶细胞中的基因和蛋白表达。有几条证据表明，EVs 在改变信号转导方面发挥作用，随后在神经发生、神经胶质发生、突触发生和网络回路形成和活动以及突触修剪和髓鞘形成方面产生生理变化。一些研究表明，神经和非神经 EVs 在生理和病理神经发育中发挥着重要作用。本综述讨论了 EVs 在各种神经发育障碍中的作用，以及将 EVs 用作疾病生物标志物和治疗剂的前景。
