Blocker Erin M, Fry Andrew C, Luebbers Paul E, Burns Jeffrey M, Perales-Puchalt Jaime, Hansen David M, Vidoni Eric D
University of Kansas, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Science, Lawrence, KS.
University of Kansas, Alzheimer's Disease Center, Fairway, KS.
Kans J Med. 2020 Jul 10;13:179-185. eCollection 2020.
Rural Americans (RA) have poorer vascular health and physical activity levels than their urban counterparts; all are dementia risk factors. Dementia risk reduction among rural individuals requires a tailored approach. The purpose of this project was to examine preliminary efficacy of a community-based physical exercise and/or dementia risk factor-reduction curriculum among rural adults 50 and older.
Seventy-five rural dwelling adults 50 and older were randomized to one of three groups: 1) 10 weeks of Alzheimer's disease risk-reduction education (ED), 2) risk-reduction education and supervised exercise (EDEX) or 3) control group (CON). Outcomes included baseline to 10-week follow-up difference in dementia knowledge (primary outcome) and physical activity, muscular endurance, healthy lifestyle engagement, and anthropometrics (secondary outcomes).
Sixty-nine adults successfully completed the 10-week study. Dementia knowledge increased in a Treatment Arm-dependent manner (χ = 6.95 (2), p = 0.03), being ED and EDEX superior to CON. Engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviors did not change statistically. However, participation specifically in physical activity increased over time (χ = 11.47 (2), p = 0.003) with EDEX reporting the greatest increases. No significant change in average daily steps was observed for any group.
The results suggested dementia risk-reduction education, both with and without structured exercise, leads to improvements in dementia knowledge. When coupled with regular, supervised exercise, this education intervention also helped participants increase engagement in physical activity over 10 weeks. Tailored interventions that combine Alzheimer's disease education and regular, supervised exercise may help reduce dementia risk in rural communities.
美国农村居民的血管健康状况和身体活动水平比城市居民差；这些都是痴呆症的风险因素。降低农村居民的痴呆症风险需要采取量身定制的方法。本项目的目的是检验一项基于社区的体育锻炼和/或降低痴呆症风险因素课程对50岁及以上农村成年人的初步疗效。
75名年龄在50岁及以上的农村居民被随机分为三组之一：1）为期10周的阿尔茨海默病风险降低教育（ED）组，2）风险降低教育和监督锻炼（EDEX）组，或3）对照组（CON）。结果包括从基线到10周随访期间痴呆症知识（主要结果）以及身体活动、肌肉耐力、健康生活方式参与度和人体测量学（次要结果）的差异。
69名成年人成功完成了为期10周的研究。痴呆症知识的增加呈治疗组依赖性（χ = 6.95（2），p = 0.03），ED组和EDEX组优于CON组。健康生活方式行为的参与度没有统计学上的变化。然而，随着时间的推移，特别是身体活动的参与度有所增加（χ = 11.47（2），p = 0.003），EDEX组的增加幅度最大。任何一组的平均每日步数均未观察到显著变化。
结果表明，无论有无结构化锻炼，降低痴呆症风险的教育都能提高痴呆症知识水平。当与定期的、有监督的锻炼相结合时，这种教育干预还帮助参与者在10周内增加了身体活动的参与度。将阿尔茨海默病教育与定期的、有监督的锻炼相结合的量身定制干预措施可能有助于降低农村社区的痴呆症风险。
