Tamrat Habtamu, Mekonnen Negesse, Ferede Yeshwas, Cassini Rudi, Belayneh Negus
Bahir Dar University, School of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, P.O.Box:5501, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, VialeDell' Universita, 16 Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy.
Ir Vet J. 2020 Jul 21;73:14. doi: 10.1186/s13620-020-00168-w. eCollection 2020.
A longitudinal prospective study was conducted from October 2017 to April 2018 on calf diarrhea and coccidiosis in dairy farms in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia with the objectives of determining the incidence of calf diarrhea and calf coccidiosis from diarrheic calves, assessing the major risk factors associated with calf diarrhea and coccidiosis and identifying the existing species. A total of 237 calves, 86 calves from 52 smallholder dairy farms and 151 calves from 8 large dairy farms, were used for this study. Fresh fecal samples were collected from 86 diarrheic calves for identification of species.
Overall incidences of calf diarrhea and coccidiosis found in this study were 33.5 and 20.1%, respectively. In total, 19 potential risk factors were investigated for their association with calf diarrhea and coccidiosis from diarrheic calves using Cox regression. Age of calf (HR = 2.057, = .002), body condition (HR = 1.802, < .001), house condition (HR = 2.072, = .004) and age at first colostrum feeding time (HR = 2.107, = .002) were found significantly ( < 0.05) associated with the risk of diarrhea by multivariate Cox regression. Among the risk factors tested, age (HR = 13.36, < .001) and sex of calves (HR = 3.500, = .020) were found significantly ( < 0.05) associated with coccidiosis by multivariate Cox regression. A total of nine species were identified. (28.6%), (19.0%) and (14.3%) were the most common species encountered.
The incidence of calf diarrhea and coccidiosis was high in the dairy herds in North West Ethiopia. Therefore, sound dairy calf management practices are needed to mitigate risk factors for calf diarrhea and coccidiosis with a view to reducing the incidence of calf diarrhea and coccidiosis in Ethiopian dairy farms.
2017年10月至2018年4月，在埃塞俄比亚西北部巴赫达尔的奶牛场对犊牛腹泻和球虫病进行了一项纵向前瞻性研究，目的是确定腹泻犊牛中犊牛腹泻和犊牛球虫病的发病率，评估与犊牛腹泻和球虫病相关的主要风险因素，并鉴定现存的种类。本研究共使用了237头犊牛，其中来自52个小农户奶牛场的86头犊牛和来自8个大型奶牛场的151头犊牛。从86头腹泻犊牛中采集新鲜粪便样本以鉴定种类。
本研究中发现的犊牛腹泻和球虫病的总体发病率分别为33.5%和20.1%。总共调查了19个潜在风险因素与腹泻犊牛的犊牛腹泻和球虫病的关联，采用Cox回归分析。犊牛年龄（HR = 2.057，P = 0.002）、身体状况（HR = 1.802，P < 0.001）、牛舍条件（HR = 2.072，P = 0.004）和首次初乳喂养时间的年龄（HR = 2.107，P = 0.002）通过多变量Cox回归分析发现与腹泻风险显著相关（P < 0.05）。在测试的风险因素中，通过多变量Cox回归分析发现犊牛年龄（HR = 13.36，P < 0.001）和性别（HR = 3.500，P = 0.020）与球虫病显著相关（P < 0.05）。总共鉴定出9个种类。（28.6%）、（19.0%）和（14.3%）是最常见的种类。
埃塞俄比亚西北部奶牛群中犊牛腹泻和球虫病的发病率很高。因此，需要完善的犊牛管理措施来降低犊牛腹泻和球虫病的风险因素，以减少埃塞俄比亚奶牛场犊牛腹泻和球虫病的发病率。
