Sodo Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
College of Agriculture, Arbaminch University, Arbaminch, Ethiopia.
Vet Med Sci. 2023 Mar;9(2):907-916. doi: 10.1002/vms3.992. Epub 2022 Nov 11.
Brucellosis is one of the infectious diseases that has the greatest impact on the productivity of sheep and goats. A cross-sectional study followed by a simple random sampling technique was used to investigate the seroprevalence of brucellosis (Rose Bengal plate test; RBPT and complement fixation test; CFT) in small ruminants and its related risk variables from November 2019 to June 2020 in Kolme and Abala Abaya districts. A questionnaire was also given to owners to assess their existing knowledge of the disease.
Using the RBPT and CFT, 28 (4.1%) and 23 (3.33%) of the 690 animals were found to be seropositive for brucellosis, respectively. In this study, the seroprevalence of brucellosis detected in the Kolme district (5.3%) was greater when compared to Abala Abaya (1.0%). The odds of Brucella infection were greater for goats (odds ratio [OR] 6.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 16 0.8-44.9) than for sheep. The odds of adult animals (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.03-0.07) being positive for brucellosis was higher than young animals. A statistically significant difference in the seropositivity of brucellosis was detected in univariate logistic regression among districts, different age groups, herd size, parity number, and reproductive health problems except for species and sex, but in multivariate logistic regression, only reproductive health problems were revealed a statistically significant difference. Out of 138 families, 100% of respondents were unaware of brucellosis, 94.5% drink raw milk, and 74% handle animals with retained fetal membranes with their bare hands.
This study showed that brucellosis was a widely spread disease in the study areas and poses a substantial public health danger. To reduce the spread of the disease in small ruminants, public health risks, and economic losses, stringent vaccination application and awareness of personal hygiene are critical.
布鲁氏菌病是对绵羊和山羊生产力影响最大的传染病之一。本研究采用横断面研究和简单随机抽样技术，于 2019 年 11 月至 2020 年 6 月在科勒和阿巴拉阿巴亚地区调查了小反刍动物的布鲁氏菌病（虎红平板试验；RBPT 和补体结合试验；CFT）血清流行率及其相关风险变量，并向畜主发放了问卷以评估其对该病的现有认知。
使用 RBPT 和 CFT，690 只动物中有 28 只（4.1%）和 23 只（3.33%）被检测为布鲁氏菌病血清阳性。在本研究中，科勒区（5.3%）的布鲁氏菌病血清流行率高于阿巴拉阿巴亚区（1.0%）。与绵羊相比，山羊（比值比 [OR] 6.0，95%置信区间 [CI] 16 0.8-44.9）感染布鲁氏菌的可能性更大。成年动物（OR 0.05，95%CI 0.03-0.07）比幼年动物更容易呈布鲁氏菌病阳性。在单变量逻辑回归中，不同地区、不同年龄组、畜群规模、胎次和生殖健康问题之间的布鲁氏菌病血清阳性率存在统计学差异，但在多变量逻辑回归中，只有生殖健康问题显示出统计学差异。在 138 个家庭中，100%的受访者不知道布鲁氏菌病，94.5%饮用生奶，74%徒手处理有胎衣不下的动物。
本研究表明，布鲁氏菌病在研究地区广泛传播，对公共卫生构成重大威胁。为了减少小反刍动物中该病的传播、公共卫生风险和经济损失，严格应用疫苗接种和个人卫生意识至关重要。
