Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31300 Toulouse, France.
Genes (Basel). 2020 Jul 22;11(8):836. doi: 10.3390/genes11080836.
Bacteria of the genus are characterized by the lack of a cell-wall, the use of UGA as tryptophan codon instead of a universal stop, and their simplified metabolic pathways. Most of these features are due to the small-size and limited-content of their genomes (580-1840 Kbp; 482-2050 CDS). Yet, the genus encompasses over 200 species living in close contact with a wide range of animal hosts and man. These include pathogens, pathobionts, or commensals that have retained the full capacity to synthesize DNA, RNA, and all proteins required to sustain a parasitic life-style, with most being able to grow under laboratory conditions without host cells. Over the last 10 years, comparative genome analyses of multiple species and strains unveiled some of the dynamics of mycoplasma genomes. This review summarizes our current knowledge of genomic islands (GIs) found in mycoplasmas, with a focus on pathogenicity islands, integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), and prophages. Here, we discuss how GIs contribute to the dynamics of mycoplasma genomes and how they participate in the evolution of these minimal organisms.
属的细菌的特征是缺乏细胞壁，使用 UGA 作为色氨酸密码子而不是通用终止子，以及它们简化的代谢途径。这些特征大多是由于它们的基因组（580-1840 Kbp；482-2050 CDS）体积小且内容有限。然而，该属包含超过 200 种生活在与广泛的动物宿主和人类密切接触的物种。这些物种包括病原体、条件病原体或共生体，它们保留了合成 DNA、RNA 和所有维持寄生生活方式所需的蛋白质的全部能力，其中大多数能够在没有宿主细胞的情况下在实验室条件下生长。在过去的 10 年中，对多种物种和菌株的比较基因组分析揭示了支原体基因组的一些动态。这篇综述总结了我们目前对支原体中发现的基因组岛（GI）的了解，重点介绍了致病性岛、整合和共轭元件（ICE）以及原噬菌体。在这里，我们讨论了 GI 如何促进支原体基因组的动态变化以及它们如何参与这些最小生物体的进化。
