Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jul 22;21(15):5195. doi: 10.3390/ijms21155195.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a diverse group of membrane-bound structures secreted in physiological and pathological conditions by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Their role in cell-to-cell communications has been discussed for more than two decades. More attention is paid to assess the impact of EVs in cancer. Numerous papers showed EVs as tumorigenesis regulators, by transferring their cargo molecules (miRNA, DNA, protein, cytokines, receptors, etc.) among cancer cells and cells in the tumor microenvironment. During platelet activation or apoptosis, platelet extracellular vesicles (PEVs) are formed. PEVs present a highly heterogeneous EVs population and are the most abundant EVs group in the circulatory system. The reason for the PEVs heterogeneity are their maternal activators, which is reflected on PEVs size and cargo. As PLTs role in cancer development is well-known, and PEVs are the most numerous EVs in blood, their feasible impact on cancer growth is strongly discussed. PEVs crosstalk could promote proliferation, change tumor microenvironment, favor metastasis formation. In many cases these functions were linked to the transfer into recipient cells specific cargo molecules from PEVs. The article reviews the PEVs biogenesis, cargo molecules, and their impact on the cancer progression.
细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 是一类在生理和病理条件下由原核和真核细胞分泌的、具有多种功能的膜结合结构。它们在细胞间通讯中的作用已经被讨论了二十多年。人们越来越关注 EVs 在癌症中的作用。大量的研究表明，EVs 通过将其货物分子（miRNA、DNA、蛋白质、细胞因子、受体等）在癌细胞和肿瘤微环境中的细胞之间传递，从而调节肿瘤的发生。在血小板激活或凋亡过程中，会形成血小板细胞外囊泡 (PEVs)。PEVs 是一种具有高度异质性的 EVs 群体，是循环系统中最丰富的 EVs 群体。PEVs 的异质性源于其母体激活物，这反映在 PEVs 的大小和货物上。由于 PLTs 在癌症发展中的作用是众所周知的，而 PEVs 是血液中数量最多的 EVs，因此它们对癌症生长的潜在影响也在强烈讨论中。PEVs 的串扰可以促进增殖、改变肿瘤微环境、促进转移形成。在许多情况下，这些功能与从 PEVs 向受体细胞转移特定的货物分子有关。本文综述了 PEVs 的生物发生、货物分子及其对癌症进展的影响。
