Center for Midstream Management and Science, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA.
Center for Advances in Water and Air Quality & The Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA.
Molecules. 2020 Jul 16;25(14):3246. doi: 10.3390/molecules25143246.
Bionanotechnology, the use of biological resources to produce novel, valuable nanomaterials, has witnessed tremendous developments over the past two decades. This eco-friendly and sustainable approach enables the synthesis of numerous, diverse types of useful nanomaterials for many medical, commercial, and scientific applications. Countless reviews describing the biosynthesis of nanomaterials have been published. However, to the best of our knowledge, no review has been exclusively focused on the in vivo biosynthesis of inorganic nanomaterials. Therefore, the present review is dedicated to filling this gap by describing the many different facets of the in vivo biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using living eukaryotic cells and organisms-more specifically, live plants and living biomass of several species of microalgae, yeast, fungus, mammalian cells, and animals. It also highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the synthesis methodologies and the NP characteristics, bio-applications, and proposed synthesis mechanisms. This comprehensive review also brings attention to enabling a better understanding between the living organisms themselves and the synthesis conditions that allow their exploitation as nanobiotechnological production platforms as these might serve as a robust resource to boost and expand the bio-production and use of desirable, functional inorganic nanomaterials.
生物纳米技术利用生物资源来生产新型有价值的纳米材料，在过去的二十年中取得了巨大的发展。这种环保和可持续的方法能够合成许多不同类型的有用纳米材料，用于许多医学、商业和科学应用。已经发表了无数描述纳米材料生物合成的综述。然而，据我们所知，没有一篇综述专门关注无机纳米材料的体内生物合成。因此，本综述旨在通过描述使用活真核细胞和生物体（更具体地说，活体植物和几种微藻、酵母、真菌、哺乳动物细胞和动物的生物质）体内合成纳米颗粒 (NP) 的许多不同方面来填补这一空白。它还强调了合成方法和 NP 特性、生物应用以及提出的合成机制的优缺点。本综述还引起了人们对生物体本身与允许利用它们作为纳米生物技术生产平台的合成条件之间的更好理解的关注，因为这些条件可能成为促进和扩大理想功能无机纳米材料的生物生产和使用的强大资源。
