Karimi Ali, Krähmer Andrea, Herwig Nadine, Schulz Hartwig, Hadian Javad, Meiners Torsten
Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Julius Kühn Institute, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Front Plant Sci. 2020 Jul 3;11:969. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00969. eCollection 2020.
Geographic location and connected environmental and edaphic factors like temperature, rainfall, soil type, and composition influence the presence and the total content of specific plant compounds as well as the presence of a certain chemotype. This study evaluated whether geographic, edaphic, and climatic information can be utilized to predict the presence of specific compounds from medicinal or aromatic plants. Furthermore, we tested rapid analytical methods based on near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) coupled with gas chromatography/flame ionization (GC/FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analytical methods for characterization and classification metabolite profiling of Boiss. populations. is an aromatic, perennial plant with interesting pharmacological and biological properties. It is widely dispersed in Iran as well as in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Here, we studied the effect of environmental factors on essential oil (EO) content and the composition and distribution of chemotypes. Our results indicate that this species grows predominantly in areas rich in calcium, iron, potassium, and aluminum, with mean rainfall of 40.46 to 302.72 mm·year and mean annual temperature of 14.90°C to 28.80°C. EO content ranged from 2.75% to 5.89%. Carvacrol (10.56-73.31%), thymol (3.51-48.12%), linalool (0.90-55.38%), and -cymene (1.66-13.96%) were the major constituents, which classified 14 populations into three chemotypes. Corresponding to the phytochemical cluster analysis, the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) based on NIR data also recognized the carvacrol, thymol, and linalool chemotypes. Hence, NIR has the potential to be applied as a useful tool to determine rapidly the chemotypes of and similar herbs. EO and EO constituent content correlated with different geographic location, climate, and edaphic factors. The structural equation models (SEMs) approach revealed direct effects of soil factors (texture, phosphor, pH) and mostly indirect effects of latitude and altitude directly affecting, e.g., soil factors. Our approach of identifying environmental predictors for EO content, chemotype or presence of high amounts of specific compounds can help to select regions for sampling plant material with the desired chemical profile for direct use or for breeding.
地理位置以及相关的环境和土壤因素，如温度、降雨量、土壤类型和成分，会影响特定植物化合物的存在、总含量以及特定化学型的存在。本研究评估了地理、土壤和气候信息是否可用于预测药用或芳香植物中特定化合物的存在。此外，我们测试了基于近红外光谱（NIR）结合气相色谱/火焰离子化（GC/FID）和气相色谱/质谱（GC/MS）分析方法的快速分析方法，用于表征和分类布瓦西埃氏植物种群的代谢物谱。布瓦西埃氏植物是一种具有有趣药理和生物学特性的芳香多年生植物。它广泛分布于伊朗以及巴基斯坦和阿富汗。在这里，我们研究了环境因素对精油（EO）含量、化学型的组成和分布的影响。我们的结果表明，该物种主要生长在富含钙、铁、钾和铝的地区，年平均降雨量为40.46至302.72毫米，年平均温度为14.90°C至28.80°C。EO含量在2.75%至5.89%之间。香芹酚（10.56 - 73.31%）、百里香酚（3.51 - 48.12%）、芳樟醇（0.90 - 55.38%）和对异丙基甲苯（1.66 - 13.96%）是主要成分，这些成分将14个种群分为三种化学型。与植物化学聚类分析相对应，基于近红外数据的层次聚类分析（HCA）也识别出了香芹酚、百里香酚和芳樟醇化学型。因此，近红外有潜力作为一种有用的工具，快速确定布瓦西埃氏植物及类似草药的化学型。EO及其成分含量与不同的地理位置、气候和土壤因素相关。结构方程模型（SEMs）方法揭示了土壤因素（质地、磷、pH值）的直接影响，以及纬度和海拔高度大多通过直接影响土壤因素等产生的间接影响。我们识别精油含量、化学型或特定高含量化合物存在的环境预测因子的方法，有助于选择具有所需化学特征的植物材料采样区域，以供直接使用或育种。
