Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, P.O. Box 115, Shahrekord, Iran.
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Science, Knowledge University, Kirkuk Road, Erbil, 44001, Iraq.
BMC Plant Biol. 2024 May 31;24(1):483. doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-05196-0.
Zataria multiflora Boiss. is a medicinal and aromatic plant from the Lamiaceae family. It is extensively used in Iranian traditional medicine, mostly as a replacement for Thyme species. This study was focused on the analysis of chemical composition and the distribution and types of trichomes of Z. multiflora grown under different conditions. Equilibrium headspace analysis in combination with GC-FID-MS was used to identify volatile compounds released by aerial parts of Z. multiflora in development stages of 50 and 100% flowering under normal and drought-stress conditions.
The main constituents were p-cymene (20.06-27.40%), γ-terpinene (12.44-16.93%), and α-pinene (6.91-16.58%) and thymol (8.52-9.99%). The highest content of p-cymene (27.40%) and thymol (9.99%) was observed in the 50% flowering stage at the 90% field capacity, while the maximum γ-terpinene (16.93%) content was recorded in the 100% flowering stage under normal conditions. Using the SEM method, it was found that peltate glandular and non-glandular trichomes are distributed on the surface of the leaf, stem, and outer side of the calyx. However, capitate trichomes only are detected on the stem and calyx in the 100% flowering and beginning of blooming stages, respectively. The type and structure of trichomes do not vary in different development stages, but they differ in density. The highest number of leaf peltate glandular trichomes was observed in the vegetative and beginning of blooming stages at 50% and 90% field capacity, respectively. Non-glandular trichomes of the stem were observed with high density in both normal and stress conditions, which are more densely in 90% field capacity.
Since this plant has strong potential to be used in the food and pharmacological industries, this study provides valuable information for its cultivation and harvesting at specific phenological stages, depending on desired compounds and their concentrations.
香薄荷是唇形科的一种药用和芳香植物，在伊朗传统医学中被广泛使用，主要作为百里香属植物的替代品。本研究集中于分析在不同条件下生长的香薄荷的化学成分分布和毛状体的类型和分布。采用平衡顶空分析结合 GC-FID-MS 法，鉴定在正常和干旱胁迫条件下，开花 50%和 100%阶段的香薄荷地上部分释放的挥发性化合物。
主要成分为对伞花烃（20.06-27.40%）、γ-松油烯（12.44-16.93%）和α-蒎烯（6.91-16.58%）和百里酚（8.52-9.99%）。在田间持水量为 90%时，50%开花阶段的对伞花烃（27.40%）和百里酚（9.99%）含量最高，而在正常条件下 100%开花阶段的γ-松油烯（16.93%）含量最高。使用 SEM 方法发现，盘状腺毛和非腺毛分布在叶片、茎和花萼的外表面。然而，在 100%开花和始花期，仅在茎和花萼上检测到头状毛。在不同的发育阶段，毛状体的类型和结构没有变化，但密度不同。在 50%和 90%田间持水量的营养期和始花期，叶片盘状腺毛的数量最多。在正常和胁迫条件下，茎的非腺毛密度都很高，在 90%田间持水量时密度更高。
由于该植物具有很强的潜力在食品和药理学行业中使用，因此本研究为其在特定物候期的种植和收获提供了有价值的信息，具体取决于所需化合物及其浓度。
