脊髓损伤患者的神经假体。
Neuroprosthesis for individuals with spinal cord injury.
机构信息
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
出版信息
Neurol Res. 2023 Oct;45(10):893-905. doi: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1798106. Epub 2020 Jul 30.
OBJECTIVE
Individuals who sustain a traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) often have a loss of multiple body systems. Significant functional improvement can be gained by individual SCI through the use of neuroprostheses based on electrical stimulation. The most common actions produced are grasp, overhead reach, trunk posture, standing, stepping, bladder/bowel/sexual function, and respiratory functions.
METHODS
We review the fundamental principles of electrical stimulation, which are established, allowing stimulation to be safely delivered through implanted devices for many decades. We review four common clinical applications for SCI, including grasp/reach, standing/stepping, bladder/bowel function, and respiratory functions. Systems used to implement these functions have many common features, but are also customized based on the functional goals of each approach. Further, neuroprosthetic systems are customized based on the needs of each user.
RESULTS & CONCLUSION: The results to date show that implanted neuroprostheses can have a significant impact on the health, function, and quality of life for individuals with SCI. A key focus for the future is to make implanted neuroprostheses broadly available to the SCI population.
目的
患有创伤性脊髓损伤 (SCI) 的个体通常会失去多个身体系统。通过使用基于电刺激的神经假体，个体 SCI 可以获得显著的功能改善。最常见的动作是抓握、头顶伸展、躯干姿势、站立、行走、膀胱/肠道/性功能和呼吸功能。
方法
我们回顾了电刺激的基本原理，这些原理已经确立，可以通过植入设备安全地进行数十年的刺激。我们回顾了 SCI 的四种常见临床应用，包括抓握/伸展、站立/行走、膀胱/肠道功能和呼吸功能。用于实现这些功能的系统具有许多共同的特点，但也根据每种方法的功能目标进行定制。此外，神经假体系统还根据每个用户的需求进行定制。
结果与结论
迄今为止的结果表明，植入式神经假体可以对 SCI 患者的健康、功能和生活质量产生重大影响。未来的一个重点是使植入式神经假体广泛应用于 SCI 人群。
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