Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Unit of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Thyroid. 2021 Jan;31(1):96-105. doi: 10.1089/thy.2020.0299. Epub 2020 Nov 12.
There is a growing awareness that nutritional habits may influence risk of several inflammatory and immune-mediated disorders, including autoimmune diseases, through various mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to investigate dietary habits and their relationship with redox homeostasis in the setting of thyroid autoimmunity. Two hundred subjects (173 females and 27 males; median age, 37 years) were enrolled. None were under any pharmacological treatment. Exclusion criteria were any infectious/inflammatory/autoimmune comorbidity, kidney failure, diabetes, and cancer. In each subject, serum thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine, antithyroid antibodies, and circulating oxidative stress markers were measured. A questionnaire on dietary habits, evaluating the intake frequencies of food groups and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, was submitted to each participant. Among the 200 recruited subjects, 81 (71 females and 10 males) were diagnosed with euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT); the remaining 119 (102 females and 17 males) served as controls. In questionnaires, HT subjects reported higher intake frequencies of animal foods (meat, = 0.0001; fish, = 0.0001; dairy products, = 0.004) compared with controls, who reported higher intake frequencies of plant foods (legumes, = 0.001; fruits and vegetables, = 0.030; nuts, = 0.0005). The number of subjects who preferentially consumed poultry instead of red/processed meat was lower in HT subjects than in controls ( = 0.0141). In logistic regression analysis, meat consumption was associated with increased odds ratio of developing thyroid autoimmunity, while the Mediterranean diet traits were protective. In HT subjects, serum advanced glycation end products (markers of oxidative stress) were significantly higher ( = 0.0001) than in controls, while the activity of glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, as well as total plasma antioxidant activity, were lower ( = 0.020, = 0.023, and = 0.002, respectively), indicating a condition of oxidative stress. Stepwise regression models demonstrated a significant dependence of oxidative stress parameters on consumption of animal foods, mainly meat. : The present study suggests a protective effect of low intake of animal foods toward thyroid autoimmunity and a positive influence of such nutritional patterns on redox balance and potentially on oxidative stress-related disorders.
人们越来越意识到，营养习惯可能通过多种机制影响多种炎症和免疫介导的疾病的风险，包括自身免疫性疾病。本研究的目的是调查甲状腺自身免疫患者的饮食习惯及其与氧化还原平衡的关系。
纳入了 200 名受试者（173 名女性和 27 名男性；中位年龄 37 岁）。他们均未接受任何药物治疗。排除标准为任何传染性/炎症性/自身免疫性合并症、肾衰竭、糖尿病和癌症。对每位受试者均测量了血清促甲状腺激素（TSH）、游离甲状腺素、抗甲状腺抗体和循环氧化应激标志物。向每位参与者提交了一份关于饮食习惯的问卷，评估食物组的摄入频率和对地中海饮食的依从性。
在 200 名入组的受试者中，81 名（71 名女性和 10 名男性）被诊断为甲状腺功能正常的桥本甲状腺炎（HT）；其余 119 名（102 名女性和 17 名男性）作为对照组。在问卷中，HT 患者报告动物食品（肉， = 0.0001；鱼， = 0.0001；奶制品， = 0.004）的摄入频率较高，而对照组报告植物食品（豆类， = 0.001；水果和蔬菜， = 0.030；坚果， = 0.0005）的摄入频率较高。与对照组相比，更喜欢食用家禽而不是红色/加工肉类的 HT 患者人数较少（ = 0.0141）。在逻辑回归分析中，肉类消费与甲状腺自身免疫发生的几率增加相关，而地中海饮食特征具有保护作用。在 HT 患者中，血清晚期糖基化终产物（氧化应激标志物）显著高于对照组（ = 0.0001），而谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和硫氧还蛋白还原酶的活性以及总血浆抗氧化活性均较低（ = 0.020、 = 0.023 和 = 0.002），表明存在氧化应激状态。逐步回归模型表明，氧化应激参数与动物食品（主要是肉）的摄入有显著的依赖性。：本研究表明，低动物食品摄入对甲状腺自身免疫有保护作用，这种营养模式对氧化还原平衡以及潜在的氧化应激相关疾病有积极影响。
