Alafeef Maha, Moitra Parikshit, Pan Dipanjan
Bioengineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Biomedical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States.
Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States; Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, 670 W Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, United States.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2020 Oct 1;165:112276. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112276. Epub 2020 May 19.
Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, especially antibiotic-resistant bacteria, are one of the biggest threats to global health. To date, bacterial contamination is detected using conventional culturing techniques, which are highly dependent on expert users, limited by the processing time and on-site availability. Hence, real-time and continuous monitoring of pathogen levels is required to obtain valuable information that could assist health agencies in guiding prevention and containment of pathogen-related outbreaks. Nanotechnology-based smart sensors are opening new avenues for early and rapid detection of such pathogens at the patient's point-of-care. Nanomaterials can play an essential role in bacterial sensing owing to their unique optical, magnetic, and electrical properties. Carbon nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, and various types of nanocomposites are examples of smart nanomaterials that have drawn intense attention in the field of microbial detection. These approaches, together with the advent of modern technologies and coupled with machine learning and wireless communication, represent the future trend in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. This review provides an overview of the recent advancements in the successful harnessing of different nanoparticles for bacterial detection. In the beginning, we have introduced the fundamental concepts and mechanisms behind the design and strategies of the nanoparticles-based diagnostic platform. Representative research efforts are highlighted for in vitro and in vivo detection of bacteria. A comprehensive discussion is then presented to cover the most commonly adopted techniques for bacterial identification, including some seminal studies to detect bacteria at the single-cell level. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and a prospective outlook on the field, together with the recommended solutions.
由致病细菌，尤其是耐药细菌引起的传染病是全球健康面临的最大威胁之一。迄今为止，细菌污染是通过传统培养技术检测的，这些技术高度依赖专业人员，受处理时间和现场可用性的限制。因此，需要对病原体水平进行实时和连续监测，以获取有价值的信息，帮助卫生机构指导病原体相关疫情的预防和控制。基于纳米技术的智能传感器为在患者床边早期快速检测此类病原体开辟了新途径。纳米材料因其独特的光学、磁性和电学性质，在细菌传感中可发挥重要作用。碳纳米颗粒、金属纳米颗粒、金属氧化物纳米颗粒以及各种类型的纳米复合材料是智能纳米材料的例子，它们在微生物检测领域引起了广泛关注。这些方法，连同现代技术的出现，并与机器学习和无线通信相结合，代表了传染病诊断的未来趋势。本综述概述了近期在成功利用不同纳米颗粒进行细菌检测方面取得的进展。首先，我们介绍了基于纳米颗粒的诊断平台设计和策略背后的基本概念和机制。重点介绍了用于细菌体外和体内检测的代表性研究工作。然后进行了全面讨论，涵盖了最常用的细菌鉴定技术，包括一些在单细胞水平检测细菌的开创性研究。最后，我们讨论了该领域当前面临的挑战和未来展望，以及推荐的解决方案。
