Grace D, Little P
Rev Sci Tech. 2020 Apr;39(1):183-192. doi: 10.20506/rst.39.1.3071.
Informal trade in livestock and livestock products is of special concern because of the risk of spreading animal and human diseases. At the same time, informal trade can contribute to people's livelihoods and food security, especially in lowand middle-income countries. Informal trade may involve legal or illegal products. It may be domestic (or internal) or involve neighbouring countries; it may take place within a region or between distant countries. Entrepôt trade (or 're-exports') is a significant form of informal trade in livestock products. Pastoral mobility often entails movement across boundaries for trade and much of this is also informal. There are important economic, social, political, and environmental drivers for informal trade which make it difficult to eliminate. Informal livestock trade may be largely ignored by the authorities, implicitly encouraged, made less attractive, forcibly suppressed, or actively engaged with, in an attempt to mitigate its risks and enhance its benefits. To identify the optimal management approach, it is crucial to understand the importance and characteristics of informal trade, its benefits and risks, and the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of different strategies to address it. The authors describe a case study from East Africa to explore some of the issues raised by informal trade.
由于存在传播动物疾病和人类疾病的风险，牲畜及牲畜产品的非正式贸易备受关注。与此同时，非正式贸易有助于改善人们的生计和粮食安全，在低收入和中等收入国家尤其如此。非正式贸易可能涉及合法或非法产品。它可能是国内（或内部）贸易，也可能涉及邻国；可能在一个地区内进行，也可能发生在距离遥远的国家之间。转口贸易（或“再出口”）是牲畜产品非正式贸易的一种重要形式。牧民的流动往往需要跨境进行贸易，其中大部分也是非正式的。非正式贸易存在重要的经济、社会、政治和环境驱动因素，这使得它难以消除。当局可能很大程度上忽视非正式牲畜贸易，也可能暗中鼓励、降低其吸引力、强行压制或积极参与，以试图降低其风险并提高其效益。为了确定最佳管理方法，关键是要了解非正式贸易的重要性和特点、其益处和风险，以及应对它的不同策略的可行性和成本效益。作者描述了一个来自东非的案例研究，以探讨非正式贸易引发的一些问题。
