School of Economics and Management, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Hunan, China; Hunan Radio and TV University, Hunan, China.
School of Economics and Management, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Hunan, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Nov 25;745:141007. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141007. Epub 2020 Jul 19.
This paper studies the impact of international sanctions on environmental performance by using the panel fixed effect model for 22 sanctioned states over the period 2002-2016 while considering several cases of international sanctions (unilateral, plurilateral, U.S., EU, UN, economic, and intensity) and measures environmental performance by the Environmental Performance Index (EPI). Overall, we find that the imposition of unilateral, plurilateral, U.S., EU, and economic sanctions has a significantly negative impact on EPI, dropping their EPI scores respectively by 0.114, 0.060, 0.045, 0.084, and 0.063, while a level increase of intensity results in EPI dropping by 0.028. Moreover, the simultaneous-equation models and Sobel tests show that the intermediate effect about GDP between international sanctions on environmental performance is significantly negative. We believe that our empirical findings can contribute to policy formulation by those sanctioned countries.
本文使用 2002-2016 年间 22 个受制裁国家的面板固定效应模型，考虑了几种国际制裁案例（单边、多边、美国、欧盟、联合国、经济和制裁强度），并通过环境绩效指数（EPI）来衡量环境绩效，研究了国际制裁对环境绩效的影响。总的来说，我们发现单边、多边、美国、欧盟和经济制裁的实施对 EPI 有显著的负面影响，分别使它们的 EPI 得分下降了 0.114、0.060、0.045、0.084 和 0.063，而制裁强度的提高则使 EPI 下降了 0.028。此外，联立方程模型和 Sobel 检验表明，国际制裁对环境绩效的 GDP 中间效应显著为负。我们相信，我们的实证结果可以为受制裁国家的政策制定提供参考。
