Sousa-Sá Eduarda, Zhang Zhiguang, Pereira João R, Veldman Sanne L C, Okely Anthony D, Santos Rute
Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong.
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
Porto Biomed J. 2020 Jul 17;5(4):e063. doi: 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000063. eCollection 2020 Jul-Aug.
Because the elevated blood pressure (BP) in childhood is strongly associated with overweight and is a risk factor for later cardiovascular disease, a need to comprehend the early development of BP and its association with overweight is needed. We assessed differences of BP by weight status in Australian toddlers.
From the Get-Up! Study in Australia, this sample included 265 toddlers (136 boys), aged 19.6 ± 4.2 months. BP was measured with a digital vital signs monitor. Participants were categorized as nonoverweight and overweight according to the World Health Organization definition for body mass index (BMI). Physical activity was captured with activPAL accelerometers, during childcare hours. To test differences in BP between nonoverweight and overweight children, we performed an analysis of covariance adjusting for sex, age, physical activity, and socioeconomic status.
Children with overweight showed higher systolic BP values ( = .042 for BMI and = .023 for waist circumference) when compared to nonoverweight children. However, no differences were found for diastolic BP levels, between overweight and nonoverweight children. After adjustments for potential confounders (socioeconomic status, physical activity, sex, and age), there were no significant differences in BP variables between BMI and waist circumference groups.
No associations between adiposity and BP levels were found in this sample. The unadjusted results, however, showed that children with higher levels of adiposity (BMI and waist circumference) exhibited higher levels of BP. Additional research is needed to determine which environmental and genetic factors might contribute to pediatric hypertension, particularly among toddlers.
由于儿童期血压升高与超重密切相关，且是日后心血管疾病的危险因素，因此有必要了解血压的早期发育及其与超重的关系。我们评估了澳大利亚幼儿中按体重状况划分的血压差异。
从澳大利亚的“起床啦！”研究中选取样本，包括265名幼儿（136名男孩），年龄为19.6±4.2个月。使用数字生命体征监测仪测量血压。根据世界卫生组织的体重指数（BMI）定义，将参与者分为非超重和超重两类。在儿童保育时间内，使用activPAL加速度计记录身体活动情况。为了测试非超重和超重儿童之间的血压差异，我们进行了协方差分析，并对性别、年龄、身体活动和社会经济地位进行了调整。
与非超重儿童相比，超重儿童的收缩压值更高（BMI的P值为0.042，腰围的P值为0.023）。然而，超重和非超重儿童的舒张压水平没有差异。在对潜在混杂因素（社会经济地位、身体活动、性别和年龄）进行调整后，BMI和腰围组之间的血压变量没有显著差异。
在该样本中未发现肥胖与血压水平之间存在关联。然而，未经调整的结果显示，肥胖程度较高（BMI和腰围）的儿童血压水平较高。需要进一步研究以确定哪些环境和遗传因素可能导致儿童高血压，尤其是在幼儿中。
