Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Environ Int. 2020 Oct;143:105971. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105971. Epub 2020 Jul 29.
Livestock farms are a reservoir of antimicrobial resistant bacteria from feces. Airborne dust-bound bacteria can spread across the barn and to the outdoor environment. Therefore, exposure to farm dust may be of concern for animals, farmers and neighboring residents. Although dust is a potential route of transmission, little is known about the resistome and bacterial microbiome of farm dust.
We describe the resistome and bacterial microbiome of pig and poultry farm dust and their relation with animal feces resistomes and bacterial microbiomes, and on-farm antimicrobial usage (AMU). In addition, the relation between dust and farmers' stool resistomes was explored.
In the EFFORT-study, resistomes and bacterial microbiomes of indoor farm dust collected on Electrostatic Dust fall Collectors (EDCs), and animal feces of 35 conventional broiler and 44 farrow-to-finish pig farms from nine European countries were determined by shotgun metagenomic analysis. The analysis also included 79 stool samples from farmers working or living at 12 broiler and 19 pig farms and 46 human controls. Relative abundance of and variation in resistome and bacterial composition of farm dust was described and compared to animal feces and farmers' stool.
The farm dust resistome contained a large variety of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs); more than the animal fecal resistome. For both poultry and pigs, composition of dust resistomes finds (partly) its origin in animal feces as dust resistomes correlated significantly with fecal resistomes. The dust bacterial microbiome also correlated significantly with the dust resistome composition. A positive association between AMU in animals on the farm and the total abundance of the dust resistome was found. Occupational exposure to pig farm dust or animal feces may contribute to farmers' resistomes, however no major shifts in farmers resistome towards feces or dust resistomes were found in this study.
Poultry and pig farm dust resistomes are rich and abundant and associated with the fecal resistome of the animals and the dust bacterial microbiome.
养殖场是粪便中抗微生物药物耐药菌的储存库。空气中的尘埃携带的细菌可以在畜舍内传播，并扩散到室外环境。因此，动物、农民和附近居民可能会接触到农场灰尘。尽管灰尘是一种潜在的传播途径，但人们对抗生素耐药菌在农场灰尘中的组成和细菌微生物组知之甚少。
我们描述了猪和家禽养殖场灰尘中的耐药组和细菌微生物组，以及它们与动物粪便耐药组和细菌微生物组以及农场内抗微生物药物使用（AMU）的关系。此外，还探讨了灰尘与农民粪便耐药组之间的关系。
在 EFFORT 研究中，通过 shotgun 宏基因组分析，确定了来自 9 个欧洲国家的 35 个常规肉鸡和 44 个育肥到出栏猪养殖场的室内农场灰尘中的耐药组和细菌微生物组，以及动物粪便。分析还包括来自 12 个肉鸡和 19 个猪养殖场的 79 名工作或居住在这些养殖场的农民和 46 名对照人群的粪便样本。描述和比较了农场灰尘中耐药组和细菌组成的相对丰度和变化。
农场灰尘的耐药组包含大量的抗微生物药物耐药基因（ARGs）；比动物粪便的耐药组更多。对于家禽和猪，灰尘耐药组的组成部分来自于动物粪便，因为灰尘耐药组与粪便耐药组显著相关。灰尘细菌微生物组也与灰尘耐药组组成显著相关。发现动物在农场中的 AMU 与灰尘耐药组的总丰度呈正相关。接触猪养殖场灰尘或动物粪便可能会导致农民的耐药组发生变化，但在这项研究中，农民的耐药组没有朝着粪便或灰尘耐药组发生重大变化。
家禽和猪养殖场灰尘的耐药组丰富且丰富，与动物粪便的耐药组和灰尘细菌微生物组相关。
