Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2021;61(20):3361-3382. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1798349. Epub 2020 Aug 3.
The presence of antibiotic residues in foodstuff has been of growing concern in recent years. They are associated with several adverse effects on human health such as the transmission of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria through the contaminated food, weakness of the immune system, allergic or toxic reactions and imbalance of the gut microbiota. Therefore, monitoring of the levels of antibiotic residues in animal-derived food is necessary to guarantee the safety of food products as well as the public health. Since the residual antibiotics in the foodstuff are in trace levels which are often lower than the limits of detection of analytical instruments, the sample preparation before the analysis is very important. This step is an essential part of an analytical process, especially for the extraction of chemical residues from a sample, preconcentration of the extract and elimination of any matrix interferences that may affect the selectivity, sensitivity and the overall performance of the analytical methods. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is one of the most widely used techniques for the sample preparation that provides an efficient and reproducible method for selective concentration of target analytes in complex matrices. The objective of this research was to provide an updated overview of the recent trends in SPE techniques over the past five years. Different variations of this method, including solid-phase microextraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, matrix solid-phase dispersion, micro-solid-phase extraction, dispersive micro solid-phase extraction, magnetic solid-phase extraction, and molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction are also given in the present study. The review is focused on recent developments and innovations in the SPE which tries to improve the efficiency, safety and performance of sample preparation.
近年来，食品中抗生素残留问题引起了越来越多的关注。它们与人类健康的多种不良影响有关，例如通过受污染的食物传播抗生素耐药性病原菌、免疫系统减弱、过敏或毒性反应以及肠道微生物群落失衡。因此，监测动物源性食品中抗生素残留水平对于保证食品安全和公众健康是必要的。由于食品中残留的抗生素含量处于痕量水平，通常低于分析仪器的检测限，因此分析前的样品制备非常重要。这一步是分析过程的重要组成部分，特别是对于从样品中提取化学残留、浓缩提取物以及消除可能影响分析方法选择性、灵敏度和整体性能的任何基质干扰。固相萃取 (SPE) 是一种广泛应用的样品制备技术，可提供一种从复杂基质中选择性浓缩目标分析物的高效、重现性方法。本研究旨在提供过去五年中 SPE 技术的最新趋势的概述。本研究还介绍了该方法的不同变体，包括固相微萃取、搅拌棒吸附萃取、基质固相分散、微固相萃取、分散微固相萃取、磁性固相萃取和分子印迹固相萃取。综述重点介绍了 SPE 在提高样品制备效率、安全性和性能方面的最新发展和创新。
