Canadian Food Inspection Agency, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada.
Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2021;61(19):3279-3296. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1798345. Epub 2020 Aug 3.
Antimicrobial resistance has become a global issue and a threat to human and animal health. Contamination of poultry carcasses with meat-borne pathogens represents both an economic and a public health concern. The use of antimicrobial processing aids (APA) during poultry processing has contributed to an improvement in the microbiological quality of poultry carcasses. However, the extensive use of these decontaminants has raised concerns about their possible role in the co-selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This topic is presented in the current review to provide an update on the information related to bacterial adaptation to APA used in poultry processing establishments, and to discuss the relationship between APA bacterial adaptation and the acquisition of a new resistance phenotype to therapeutic antimicrobials by bacteria. Common mechanisms such as active efflux and changes in membrane fluidity are the most documented mechanisms responsible for bacterial cross-resistance to APA and antimicrobials. Although most studies reported a bacterial resistance to antibiotics not reaching a clinical level, the under-exposure of bacteria to APA remains a concern in the poultry industry. Further research is needed to determine if APA used during poultry processing and therapeutic antimicrobials share common sites of action in bacteria and encounter similar mechanisms of resistance.
抗菌药物耐药性已经成为一个全球性问题，对人类和动物健康构成威胁。禽肉中肉源性病原体的污染既关乎经济利益，也关乎公共卫生。在禽肉加工过程中使用抗菌处理助剂（APA）有助于提高禽肉胴体的微生物质量。然而，这些消毒剂的广泛使用引起了人们对它们在选择抗生素耐药菌方面可能发挥作用的担忧。本综述介绍了这一主题，提供了有关禽肉加工企业中 APA 用于细菌适应性的信息更新，并讨论了 APA 细菌适应性与细菌对治疗性抗菌药物获得新耐药表型之间的关系。主动外排和膜流动性变化等常见机制是细菌对 APA 和抗菌药物交叉耐药的最有文献记录的机制。尽管大多数研究报告称，细菌对抗生素的耐药性尚未达到临床水平，但细菌对 APA 的接触不足仍是禽类行业关注的问题。需要进一步研究以确定禽肉加工过程中使用的 APA 和治疗性抗菌药物是否在细菌中具有共同的作用靶点，并遇到类似的耐药机制。
