Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 014, Kerala, India; Research Centre Kerala University, Senate House Campus, Palayam, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
Female Reproduction and Metabolic Syndromes Laboratory, Division of Molecular Reproduction, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 014, Kerala, India.
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2020 Aug;54:32-42. doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.06.014. Epub 2020 Jul 1.
The seventh human coronavirus SARS-CoV2 belongs to the cluster of extremely pathogenic coronaviruses including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which can cause fatal lower respiratory tract infection. Likewise, SARS-CoV2 infection can be fatal as the disease advances to pneumonia, followed by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The development of lethal clinical symptons is associated with an exaggerated production of inflammatory cytokines, referred to as the cytokine storm, is a consequence of a hyperactivated immune response aginst the infection. In this article, we discuss the pathogenic consequences of the cytokine storm and its relationship with COVID-19 associated risk factors. The increased pro-inflammatory immune status in patients with risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, COPD) exacerbates the Cytokine-storm of COVID-19 into a 'Cytokine Super Cyclone'. We also evaluate the antiviral immune responses provided by BCG vaccination and the potential role of 'trained immunity' in early protection against SARS-CoV2.
第七种人类冠状病毒 SARS-CoV2 属于包括 SARS-CoV 和 MERS-CoV 在内的高致病性冠状病毒群，可导致致命的下呼吸道感染。同样，随着疾病进展为肺炎，随后发展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS），SARS-CoV2 感染可能是致命的。致命临床症状的发展与炎症细胞因子的过度产生有关，称为细胞因子风暴，是针对感染的过度激活免疫反应的结果。在本文中，我们讨论了细胞因子风暴的发病后果及其与 COVID-19 相关危险因素的关系。具有危险因素（糖尿病、高血压、心血管疾病、COPD）的患者促炎免疫状态增加，使 COVID-19 的细胞因子风暴加剧为“细胞因子超级旋风”。我们还评估了卡介苗接种提供的抗病毒免疫反应以及“训练免疫”在早期预防 SARS-CoV2 中的潜在作用。
