Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Collaborating Center on Alcohol and Drugs- HCPA/SENAD, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Collaborating Center on Alcohol and Drugs- HCPA/SENAD, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Forensic Sci Int. 2020 Oct;315:110434. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110434. Epub 2020 Jul 24.
Point-of-collection testing (POCT) devices for psychoactive substance detection through oral fluid samples are used in several countries for traffic enforcement. However, the reported reliability of such devices is quite heterogeneous among studies, and evaluating and comparing their analytical performance is of paramount importance to guide enforcement policies.
To evaluate the analytical reliability of four POCT devices for the detection of cocaine and cannabinoids using oral fluid samples of Brazilian drivers.
A total of 168 drivers were recruited during standard roadblockfI procedures in Southern Brazil. Subjects were screened using one of the following POCT devices: the DDS2™, the DOA MultiScreen™, the Dräger Drug Test 5000™ and the Multi-Drug Multi-Line Twist Screen Device™ (MDML). Results of the screening tests were compared with chromatographic analyses in order to obtain the reliability parameters.
The prevalence of confirmed positive samples for cocaine and cannabinoids were 9 % and 4.4 %, respectively. For cocaine, three POCT devices (MDML™, Dräger DrugTest 5000™, DOA MultiScreen™) showed good reliability, greater than 80 % of performance measures, using guidelines for research on drugged driving published by Walsh et al. (cutoff 10ng/mL). However, for cannabinoids, the devices had low reliability-only Dräger DrugTest 5000™ had good performance using cut-offs proposed by Walsh et al. (cutoff 2ng/mL).
We observed a high prevalence of drivers testing positive for cocaine and cannabinoids. Most devices achieved good reliability performance for cocaine detection using cutoffs proposed by Walsh et al. or using the device's own cutoff. Instead, the reliability for cannabinoid detection obtained the desired parameters in just one device using cut-offs proposed by Walsh et al. and its own cutoff. Difficulties in detecting cannabinoids at the roadside should be better evaluated before the implementation of such tests.
通过口腔液样本进行的毒品即时检测（POCT）设备已在多个国家用于交通执法。然而，这些设备的可靠性在不同研究中差异较大，评估和比较其分析性能对于指导执法政策至关重要。
评估四种 POCT 设备用于检测巴西驾驶员口腔液中可卡因和大麻类物质的分析可靠性。
在巴西南部的标准路障程序中，共招募了 168 名驾驶员。使用以下 POCT 设备之一对受试者进行筛查：DDS2™、DOA MultiScreen™、Dräger Drug Test 5000™ 和 Multi-Drug Multi-Line Twist Screen Device™（MDML）。将筛查测试的结果与色谱分析进行比较，以获得可靠性参数。
可卡因和大麻类物质确认阳性样本的患病率分别为 9%和 4.4%。对于可卡因，三种 POCT 设备（MDML™、Dräger DrugTest 5000™、DOA MultiScreen™）的性能指标均大于 80%，符合 Walsh 等人发表的关于药物驾驶研究的指南（截取值为 10ng/mL）。然而，对于大麻类物质，这些设备的可靠性较低，只有 Dräger DrugTest 5000™ 使用 Walsh 等人提出的截取值（截取值为 2ng/mL）时表现良好。
我们观察到驾驶员可卡因和大麻类物质阳性的患病率较高。大多数设备使用 Walsh 等人提出的截取值或使用设备自身的截取值检测可卡因的可靠性表现良好。相反，只有一种设备使用 Walsh 等人提出的截取值及其自身的截取值才能获得大麻类物质检测所需的参数。在实施此类测试之前，应更好地评估在路边检测大麻类物质的困难。
