Kan Amano
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Perinatal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Yoshida Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Tokyo, Japan.
Surg J (N Y). 2020 Feb 6;6(Suppl 2):S98-S103. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-3402072. eCollection 2020 Jul.
Cesarean section is the most common surgery in obstetrics. Several techniques are proposed according to the indication and the degree of urgency. Usually laparotomy followed by hysterotomy with a low transverse incision is preferable. However, in cases in which it is difficult to access the lower uterine segment, such as that in preterm labor, dense adhesion, placenta previa/accrete a vertical hysterotomy (classical cesarean section) may be needed. Although a smooth and gentle delivery of the fetus is possible through the vertical incision, uterine closure is technically difficult. To decrease the risks of hemorrhage and adhesion, a speedy and skillful technique is mandatory. The most serious risk of vertical incision in the contractile corpus is uterine rupture in the subsequent pregnancy. Therefore, cases of prior classical cesarean section are contraindicated for trial of labor after cesarean section.
剖宫产是产科最常见的手术。根据指征和紧急程度可采用多种技术。通常首选剖腹术,然后做低位横切口子宫切开术。然而,在难以进入子宫下段的情况下,如早产、致密粘连、前置胎盘/植入胎盘,可能需要做纵切口子宫切开术(经典剖宫产)。虽然通过纵切口可以顺利轻柔地娩出胎儿,但子宫缝合在技术上较为困难。为降低出血和粘连风险,必须采用快速且熟练的技术。子宫体部纵切口最严重的风险是后续妊娠时子宫破裂。因此,既往有经典剖宫产史的病例禁止进行剖宫产术后试产。