College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China.
Human Brain Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Brain Imaging Behav. 2020 Dec;14(6):2500-2511. doi: 10.1007/s11682-019-00203-7.
Response inhibition is the ability to suppress automatic actions or behaviors that are not appropriate or are no longer adaptive to the situation. Although many studies have suggested regional brain activation, the nature of the reconfiguration of functional brain networks involved in response inhibition remains unknown. Here, we assessed brain changes associated with response inhibition using graph theoretical analysis applied to functional connectivity data acquired while subjects performed a simple stop-signal task. We identified several ways in which global network organization shifted to meet the demand for response inhibition. Increased demand for response inhibition was associated with a global network configuration with more efficient communication across the network (functional integration) and more specialized processing (functional segregation). Regions distributed in the frontoparietal network and attention networks were found to be highly efficient in the stop condition. Nodal efficiency was significantly associated with reaction time and showed a different pattern between the go and stop conditions. In addition, the conditional differences (stop vs. go) in nodal efficiency and regional task activation were common in the postcentral gyrus (PoCG) and superior temporal lobe gyrus (STG), and a negative correlation between these differences was found in the frontal and parietal lobes. These results provide compelling evidence that response inhibition is associated with truly global changes in brain functional connectivity and additional insights into how defects in response inhibition are associated with neurological or psychiatric difficulties.
反应抑制是指抑制不适当或不再适应情境的自动行为或动作的能力。尽管许多研究表明了大脑区域的激活，但涉及反应抑制的功能脑网络的重新配置的性质仍不清楚。在这里，我们使用图论分析评估了与反应抑制相关的大脑变化，该分析应用于在被试执行简单的停止信号任务时获取的功能连接数据。我们发现了几种能够满足反应抑制需求的全局网络组织变化的方式。对反应抑制的更高需求与更有效的网络间通信（功能整合）和更专门的处理（功能分离）的全局网络配置相关。分布在前顶叶网络和注意网络中的区域在停止条件下被发现具有高度效率。节点效率与反应时间显著相关，并在去抑制和抑制条件之间呈现出不同的模式。此外，节点效率和区域任务激活的条件差异（停止与进行）在中央后回（PoCG）和颞上回（STG）中很常见，并且在额叶和顶叶中发现了这些差异之间的负相关。这些结果提供了令人信服的证据，表明反应抑制与大脑功能连接的真正全局变化有关，并进一步了解反应抑制的缺陷如何与神经或精神障碍有关。
