Department of Epidemiology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University , Ningbo, China.
School of Nursing, Ningbo College of Health Sciences , Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China.
Glob Health Action. 2020 Dec 31;13(1):1795438. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2020.1795438.
Most countries worldwide, especially low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), are facing an increasing prevalence of fast-food consumption and multiple burdens of malnutrition among young adolescents.
To compare the prevalence of fast-food consumption among young adolescents in LMICs.
We used data from the most recent Global School-Based Student Health Survey (2009-2015), which had been collected using a standardized questionnaire. The weighted prevalence and 95% confidential intervals of fast-food consumption were calculated overall and in subgroups stratified by age, sex, and nutritional status. The pooled overall and regional estimates were obtained using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. The associated risk factors for fast-food consumption were explored using logistic regression analysis.
Our study comprised 153,496 young adolescents (46.90% boys) from 54 LMICs. Overall, approximately 55.2% (51.3-59.1%) of the adolescents consumed fast food at least 1 day per week, and 10.3% (8.3-12.4%) did so 4-7 days per week. The prevalence of fast-food consumption 4-7 days per week was lowest in the Americas (8.3%; 6.7-9.9%) and highest in Southeast Asia (17.7%; 2.3-33.2%). At a country level, the prevalence was lowest in Pakistan (1.5%; 1.0-2.0%) and highest in Thailand (43.3%; 40.4-46.1%). Furthermore, in subgroups stratified by nutritional status, the prevalence was lowest in the obesity group (6.6%; 4.5-8.7%). Factors such as age, sex, BMI, food insecurity, fruit consumption, vegetable consumption, soft-drink consumption, smoking, physical activity level, and sedentary behavior level were found to be correlated with fast-food consumption.
The identified high prevalence of fast-food consumption among young adolescents in LMICs indicates the urgent need to prioritize the implementation of healthy-diet promotion programs to improve adolescent health in these countries.
全球大多数国家，尤其是中低收入国家（LMICs），面临着青少年快餐消费日益增多和多种营养不良负担的问题。
比较中低收入国家青少年快餐消费的流行率。
我们使用了最近的全球学校学生健康调查（2009-2015 年）的数据，这些数据是使用标准化问卷收集的。计算了快餐消费的加权流行率和 95%置信区间，总体上以及按年龄、性别和营养状况分层的亚组中进行了计算。使用随机效应模型获得了汇总的总体和区域估计值。使用 I2 统计量评估了异质性。使用逻辑回归分析探讨了快餐消费的相关危险因素。
我们的研究包括来自 54 个中低收入国家的 153496 名青少年（46.90%为男孩）。总体而言，约有 55.2%（51.3-59.1%）的青少年每周至少有 1 天食用快餐，10.3%（8.3-12.4%）的青少年每周有 4-7 天食用快餐。在美洲（8.3%；6.7-9.9%），快餐消费 4-7 天/周的流行率最低，而在东南亚（17.7%；2.3-33.2%）则最高。在国家层面，巴基斯坦的流行率最低（1.5%；1.0-2.0%），泰国则最高（43.3%；40.4-46.1%）。此外，在按营养状况分层的亚组中，肥胖组的流行率最低（6.6%；4.5-8.7%）。年龄、性别、BMI、食物不安全、水果摄入、蔬菜摄入、软饮料摄入、吸烟、身体活动水平和久坐行为水平等因素与快餐消费有关。
中低收入国家青少年快餐消费的高流行率表明，迫切需要优先实施促进健康饮食的计划，以改善这些国家青少年的健康状况。
