Department of Preventive Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China.
Applied Biostatistics Laboratory, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Sep 18;17(18):6806. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186806.
Very few studies have reported the co-occurrence of poor dietary habits. We thus aimed to estimate the co-occurrence of poor dietary habits in adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Data were obtained from the Global School-Based Student Health Surveys (GSHS) from 2009 to 2017. The suboptimal dietary factors included fast food consumption, carbonated soft drink consumption, and low fruit and vegetable intake, which were assessed with a questionnaire survey. We calculated the corresponding country-specific prevalence with the number of suboptimal dietary factors. We also calculated pooled estimates across countries using a meta-analysis with random-effects. Our study included 145,021 adolescents between 12 and 15 years of age from 52 LMICs. The prevalence of fast food consumption, carbonated soft drink consumption, and low fruit and vegetable intake ranged from 20.9% in Pakistan to 80.0% in Thailand, from 22.4% in Kiribati to 79.3% in Suriname, and from 45.9% in Vanuatu to 90.7% in Nepal, respectively. The prevalence of exposure to two or three suboptimal dietary factors varied greatly across countries, ranging from 31.8% in Pakistan to 53.8% in Nepal and from 8.6% in Vietnam to 36.4% in Suriname, respectively. The pooled prevalence of exposure to two or three suboptimal dietary factors was 41.8% and 20.0%, respectively. Our findings indicate that poor dietary habits are frequent and tend to co-occur in adolescents in LMICs. Country-specific policies and programs are needed to address these conditions.
很少有研究报告不良饮食习惯的同时发生。因此，我们旨在估计中低收入国家（LMICs）青少年不良饮食习惯的同时发生情况。数据来自 2009 年至 2017 年的全球学校学生健康调查（GSHS）。亚最佳饮食因素包括快餐消费、碳酸软饮料消费和低水果和蔬菜摄入，这些都通过问卷调查进行评估。我们根据亚最佳饮食因素的数量计算了相应的国家特定患病率。我们还使用随机效应荟萃分析计算了各国的汇总估计值。我们的研究包括来自 52 个 LMICs 的 145,021 名 12 至 15 岁的青少年。快餐消费、碳酸软饮料消费和低水果和蔬菜摄入的患病率范围从巴基斯坦的 20.9%到泰国的 80.0%，从基里巴斯的 22.4%到苏里南的 79.3%，从瓦努阿图的 45.9%到尼泊尔的 90.7%。暴露于两种或三种亚最佳饮食因素的患病率在各国之间差异很大，范围从巴基斯坦的 31.8%到尼泊尔的 53.8%，从越南的 8.6%到苏里南的 36.4%。暴露于两种或三种亚最佳饮食因素的合并患病率分别为 41.8%和 20.0%。我们的研究结果表明，不良饮食习惯在 LMICs 青少年中普遍存在且往往同时发生。需要制定针对具体国家的政策和方案来解决这些问题。
