Takahashi Mayu, Shinoda Yoshikazu
Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Japan.
Department of Systems Neurophysiology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Japan.
Neuroscience. 2021 May 10;462:70-88. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.07.051. Epub 2020 Aug 6.
This article is dedicated to the memory of Masao Ito. Masao Ito made numerous important contributions revealing the function of the cerebellum in motor control. His pioneering contributions to cerebellar physiology began with his discovery of inhibition and disinhibition of target neurons by cerebellar Purkinje cells, and his discovery of the presence of long-term depression in parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses. Purkinje cells formed the nodal point of Masao Ito's landmark model of motor control by the cerebellum. These discoveries became the basis for his ideas regarding the flocculus hypothesis, the adaptive motor control system, and motor learning by the cerebellum, inspiring many new experiments to test his hypotheses. This article will trace the achievements of Ito and colleagues in analyzing the neural circuits of the input-output organization of the cerebellar cortex and nuclei, particularly with respect to motor control. The article will discuss some of the important issues that have been solved and also those that remain to be solved for our understanding of motor control by the cerebellum.
本文谨献给伊藤正男。伊藤正男在揭示小脑在运动控制中的功能方面做出了众多重要贡献。他对小脑生理学的开创性贡献始于他发现小脑浦肯野细胞对靶神经元的抑制和去抑制作用，以及他发现平行纤维 - 浦肯野细胞突触中存在长时程抑制。浦肯野细胞构成了伊藤正男具有里程碑意义的小脑运动控制模型的节点。这些发现成为了他关于绒球假说、适应性运动控制系统以及小脑运动学习等观点的基础，激发了许多新的实验来检验他的假说。本文将追溯伊藤及其同事在分析小脑皮质和核团输入 - 输出组织的神经回路方面所取得的成就，特别是在运动控制方面。本文还将讨论一些已经解决的重要问题，以及那些对于我们理解小脑运动控制仍有待解决的问题。
