Hamilton J R
Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 1988 Feb;35(1):89-101. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36401-x.
Rotavirus has emerged as the major enteric pathogen causing acute diarrhea in young children throughout the world. Other viral pathogens have been recognized and additional candidate agents are suspected but none approaches rotavirus in its global impact. A strong appropriate emphasis has been placed on preventive therapy. Although vaccines are not yet available, it is clear that improved hygienic practices, particularly in pediatric institutions, and breast feeding can do much to prevent serious illness during the early months when babies are so vulnerable. During the past decade, from clinical studies and animal models, much has been learned about the pathogenesis of rotavirus diarrhea. These findings provide a sound basis for the use of rational oral fluid therapy, early feeding, and avoidance of drugs during active management. Among the many challenges that remain are the elucidation of the full spectrum of enteric viral pathogens, their impact on man, and their prevention and active therapy.
轮状病毒已成为全球引起幼儿急性腹泻的主要肠道病原体。其他病毒病原体已被确认，还有一些可疑的候选病原体，但就其全球影响而言，没有一种能与轮状病毒相比。预防治疗已得到大力且恰当的重视。虽然目前尚无疫苗，但很明显，改善卫生习惯，尤其是在儿科机构，以及母乳喂养，对于预防婴儿在最初几个月极易患病时的严重疾病能起到很大作用。在过去十年中，通过临床研究和动物模型，人们对轮状病毒腹泻的发病机制有了很多了解。这些发现为合理使用口服补液疗法、早期喂养以及在积极治疗期间避免用药提供了坚实基础。众多仍存在的挑战包括阐明肠道病毒病原体的全谱、它们对人类的影响以及它们的预防和积极治疗方法。
